Membranes for pervaporation

For pervaporation and gas sep ation, nonporous membranes are required preferably with an anisotropic morphology, an asymmetric structure with a dense top layer and an open porous sublayer, as found in asymmetric and composite membranes. The requirements for the substructure are in fact the same as for gas separation membranes  

Pressure loss on the permeate side results in an increase in partial pressure and hence in a decrease in driving force and flux. When the pores are too small, the pressure loss may be so high that even capillary condensation may occur. On the other hand, if the pores in the support layer are too large it is difficult to apply a thin selective layer directly 

Tabic VI, 14. Literature daUi relating to preferential sorption 

4 PMG polymethyiglutamate PDMS polydimethylsiloxane PVA polyvinylalcohol CA cellulose acetate PAN polyacrylonitrile PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene PVP poly vinylpyrrolidbne SBR styrene-butadiene rubber NBR nitrile-butadiene rubber CTP cellulose tripropionate PAA polyacrylic acid  

The methods used to deposit the thin layer upon a support layer have been discussed in chapter III and are the same as those used in the preparation of gas separation and -apour permeation membranes. Three important techniques are  

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Ghen, X., Yang, H., Gu, Z., and Shao, Z. (2001) Preparation and characterization of HY zeolite-filled chitosan membranes for pervaporation separation. /. Appl. 

Netke S A, Sawant SB, Joshi JB, and Pangarkar VG. Comparative study of membranes for pervaporation of trace organics from aqueous solutions. In Bowen WR, Field RW, and Howell JA, eds.. Proceedings of the Euro-Membrane-95 Conference. Bath, UK, September 18-20, 1995 Europ. Soc. Memb. Sci. Technol. 1995 2 116-121. 

Mandal S and Pangarkar VG. Development of copolymer membranes for pervaporative separation of methanol from methanol-benzene mixtures—a solubility parameter approach. Sep. Purif. Tech. 2003 30(2) 147-168. 

Lenk W and Meier-Haack J. Polyelectrolyte multilayer membranes for pervaporation separation of aqueous-organic mixtures. Derahnahon.2002 148(1-3 ) 11-16. 

Semenova SI, Ohya H, and Soontarapa K. Hydrophilic membranes for pervaporation An analytical review. Desalination 1997 110 251-286. 

Yuan WH, Lin YS, and Yang WS. Molecular sieving MFI-type zeolite membranes for pervaporation separation of xylene isomers. JAm Chem Soc 2004 126 4776 777. 

Kita H, Horii K, Ohtoshi Y, Tanaka K, and Okamoto KI. Synthesis of a zeolite NaA membrane for pervaporation of water-organic liquid-mixtures. J Mater Sci Lett 1995 14 206-208. 

Navajas A, Mallada R, Tellez C, Coronas J, Menendez M, and Santamarla J. Preparation of mordenite membranes for pervaporation of water-ethanol mixtures. Desalination 2002 148 25-29. 

Asaeda M, Sakou Y, Yang J, and Shimasaki K. Stability and performance of porous siUca-zirconia composite membranes for pervaporation of aqueous organic solutions. J Membr Sci 2002 209 163-175. 

W.H. Yuan, Y.S. Lin, and W.S. Yang, Molecular Sieving MFI-type Zeolite Membranes for Pervaporation Separation of Xylene Isomers. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2004, 126, All6-4777. 

K. Soontarapa, Hydrophilic membranes for pervaporation An analytical review, Desalination, 1997, 110, 251-286 T.M. Aminabhavi, R.S. Khinnavar, S.S. Harogop-pada and U.S. Arithal, Pervaporation separation of organic-aqueous binary mixtures, J. Macromol. Sci., Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1994, C34(2), 139-204 H. Kita, T. Inoue, H. Asamura, K. Tanaka and K. Okamoto, NaY zeolite membrane for the pervaporation separation of methanol-methyl tert-butyl ether mixture, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1997, 45-46. 

G. A. Polotskaya, A. V. Penkova, and A. M. Toikka. Fullerene-containing polyphenylene oxide membranes for pervaporation. Desalination, 200(1-3) 400-402, November 2006. 

Das, S., Banthia, A. K., Adhikari, B. (2008). Porous polyurethane urea membranes for pervaporation separation of phenol and clorophenol from water, Chem. Ena. 1.138, 215-223. 

Zhaoa Q, Quanfu FA, Yanh JB, Qiana J, Gaob C. 2011. Polyelectrolyte complex membranes for pervaporation, nanofiltration and fuel cell applications. J. Membr. Sci. 379 19—45. 

Yoshida W, Cohen Y. 2003. Ceramic-supported polymer membranes for pervaporation of binary organic/organic mixtures. J. Membr. Sci. 213 145-157. 

Goha YSH, Chnng TS, Nab P. 2009. Polyamide-imide/ polyetherimide dnal-layer hollow fiber membranes for pervaporation dehydration of C1-C4 alcohols. J. Membr. Sci. 326 222-233. 

Zhang JLG, Shulan J, Wang N, Wei A. 2012. Layer-by-layer assembled nanohybrid multilayer membranes for pervaporation dehydration of acetone-water mixtures. J. Membr. Sci. 415 16 745-757. 

Tsai HA, Chen YL, Lee KR, Lai JY. 2012. Preparation of heat-treated PAN hollow fiber membranes for pervaporation of NMP/HjO mixtures. Sep. Purif. Technol 100 97-105. 

Mandal MK, Bhattacharya PK. 2006. Poly(ether-block-amide) membrane for pervaporative separation of pyridine present in low concentration in aqueous solution. J. Membr. Sci. 286 115-124. 

Zhang C, Yang L, Bai Y, Gu J, Sun Y. 2012. ZSM-5 filled poly-urethaneurea membranes for pervaporation separation isopropyl acetate from aqueous solution. Sep. Purif. Technol. 85 8-16. 

Zhanga QG, Fan BC, Liua QL, Zhna AM, Shi FF. 2011. A novel poly(dimethyl siloxane)/poly(ohgosilsesquioxanes) composite membrane for pervaporation desulfurization. 

The economic feasibility of mordenite membranes for pervaporation of acetic acid/water mixtures has been also studied by the researchers of Mitsubishi [209]. The membrane performance in pervaporation was measured in a feed mixture of water (50 wt.%)/AAc (50 wt.%) to be 10.9 kg m /h for permeate flux and to be 0.77 x 10" mol mV(s Pa) for water permeance with separation factor of 500 at 130°C. 

Sebastian V, Mallada R, Coronas J, Julbe A, Terpstta RA, Dirrix RWJ. MW-assisted hydrothermal rapid synthesis of capillary MFI-type zeolite-ceramic membranes for pervaporation application. J Membr Sci 2010 355 28-35. 

Zhou H, Korelskiy D, Grahn M, Tanskanen J, Hedlund. Ultrathin zeolite X membranes for pervaporation dehydration of ethanol. 7 Afem r 5ct 2012 399-400 106-111. 

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