Membrane dysfunction

Increase membrane dysfunction of 20% and 13% at 1 pM and 3 pM for DiOC6. Fivefold increase in apoptotic cells using JC-1 at3pM... 

The resting membrane potential, monoamine transport and reuptake, and other functions of the cellular membrane are partially related to cation transport mechanisms. This has led to a hypothesis proposing that there is a deficiency in one or more of these transport functions that such a deficit is genetically determined and that the resulting membrane dysfunction predisposes to a mood disorder. 

Corr PB, Gross RW, Sobel BE Amphipathic metabolites and membrane dysfunction in ischemic myocardium. Cite Res 1984 55 136-142. 

Deaths due to ingestion or inhalation of 1,2-dichloroethane have been attributed to circulatory and respiratory failure repeated exposures in the occupational environment have been associated with anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain, irritation of the mucous membranes, dysfunction of liver and kidney and neurological disorders (lARC, 1979). 

Cell swelling first manifests as dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Detachment of ribosomes from the rough ER and dissociation of polysomes into monosomes occurs next because of diminished ATP generation, causing reduced protein synthesis. If hypoxia persists, further membrane dysfunction, manifested by more severe increase in permeability, occurs. Cell surface blebs and loss of microvilli in cells so endowed are ultrastructural correlates of more severe membrane damage (Figure 16.4A,B). The point of irreversibility has not yet been reached if oxygen is restored. Indeed, it is very difficult to define precisely when the cell is irreversibly injured. 

Kidd PM. Bipolar disorder as cell membrane dysfunction. Progress toward integrative management. Alternative Med Rev 2004 9 107-35. 

Several in vitro studies proved that treatment of intact erythrocytes with nitrites causes the oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin by radical generation along with a decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) level associated with erythrocyte membrane dysfunctions and namely altered cell ionic flux, lipid peroxidation, and perturbation of membrane transport (Batina et al 1990 May et al 2000). Nitrate/ nitrite-induced oxidation of biological molecules potentiates reactions, which interfere in the oxidative chain and which can affect some antioxidant systems. 

Isagai, T., Fujimura, N., Tanaka, E., Yamamoto, S., and Higashi, H. (1999). Membrane dysfunction induced by in vitro ischemia in immature rat hippocampal CAl neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 81, 1866-1871. 

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