Melamine nitrate

Similarly to melamine hydrobromide, in the second step of weight loss (370-450 0, Figure 8), IR data show that melam nitrate evolves further ammonium nit rate,ammonia and melamine nitrate giving melon which decomposes completely to volatile products above 500 C. The degradation scheme is then ... 

Figure 8. TG, OTG curves and rate of ammonia evolution (arbitrary units) for melamine nitrate. Conditions as Figure 2.

Figure 9. IR of melamine nitrate (A) and of residue at 370 C (B) melam nitrate (by comparison with reference compound).

The explosive nitration product of melamine was identified as the title compound... 

Ammonia is evolved here in the condensation process of melamine to melam whereas the respective ammonium salts are evolved in the case of the hydrobromide and nitrate. Reactions 9 and 9b show that ammonia should be neutralised by pyrosulphuric acid groups. In TG we have found that diammonium pyrosulphate eliminates ammonia above 350 C, with however complete decomposition ... 

Melamine is now a very important chemical product since it is a starting substance for the manufacture of plastics. The presence in melamine of a triazine ring, as in cyclonite, and of three amino groups induced attempts to nitrate this substance in order to obtain an explosive nitramine. 

Whitmore and Cason [73] examined the mechanism of the direct nitration of melamine with nitric acid in the presence of acetic anhydride at 5°C and obtained an explosive product (I). By nitrating a triacetyl derivative of melamine with nitric acid in the presence of acetic anhydride at 20-25°C Cason prepared product (II). This substance hydrolyses, losing N20, which results in the formation of a stable compound (III)... 

Melamine and Derivatives. See in Vol 8, M55-R to M56-L and the following Addnl Ref E.M. Smolin L. Rapoport, S-Triazines and Derivatives , Interscience, NY (1959), 374—75 [ ... Melamine has been suggested (C. Mannelli L. Bemardini, USP 1409963 (1922) CA, not found) as one component of a stable, easily handled explosive mixture, the other components of which are ammonium perchlorate or ammonium nitrate and carbon. When melamine is added to nitrocellulose or mixtures of nitroglycerin and nitrocellulose, the product is said (Anon, GerP 201215 (1908) CA, not found)... 

Alcoxo-bridges OR (R = Me, Et) are formed by the interaction of 2-amino-4-pyco-line 632 [83] and 2,4,6-triamino-l,3,5-triazine (melamine) 633 [84] with copper(II) nitrate and perchlorate in alcohols ... 

Ammonia is used for the manufacture of fertilizers or for the manufacture of other nitrogen-containing compounds used for fertilizer or, to a lesser extent, explosives, plastics, and fibers. Explosives made from ammonia are ammonium nitrate and (via nitric acid) the nitroglycerin used in dynamite. Plastics include (via urea) urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde resins. Some ammonia ends up in fibers, since it is used to make hexameth-ylenediamine (HMDA), adipic acid, or caprolactam, all nylon precursors. 

Urea is used as a solid fertilizer, a liquid fertilizer and miscellaneous applications such as animal feed, urea, formaldehyde resins, melamine, and adhesives. Presently, the most popular nitrogen fertilizer is a urea-ammonium nitrate solution. Urea-formaldehyde resins have large use as a plywood adhesive. Melamine-formaldehyde resins are used as dinnerware and for extra-hard surfaces (Formica ). The melamine is synthesized by condensation of urea molecules. 

Cellulose nitrate 1.35-1.40 Intense white Yes Acetal 1.41-1.42 Glue mantle Yes yellow Urea formaldehyde 1.47-1.52 No Melamine formaldehyde 1.50-2.20 No Phenol fnrmatdehvde 1.55-1.90 No No odor Dipropylene glycol and acelionitrile Formaldehyde Urinous Fish Phenolic ... 

The consumption in the USA in 1996 was 3.83 10 t N, of which 83% was used in fertilizers. Half of the consumption in fertilizers was utilized in liquid fertilizers e.g. in urea-ammonium nitrate. solutions, the rest being used in solid fertilizers. 7% of urea was utilized for animal nutrition and 6% for urea-formaldehyde resins, glues and melamine. In the period between 1984 and 1996 there was a reduction in urea capacity in Western Europe of 39% to 2.5 10 t/a N (Table 2.2-7). 

ASTM Committees D-9 and D-20 have prepared specifications for many types of commercial plastics, including allyl, cellulose nitrate, acetate and acetate butyrate, ethyl-cellulose, melamine, methacrylate, phenolic, polystyrene, urea, vinyl chloride and chloride-acetate, vinylidene chloride, vulcanized fiber, and thermosetting laminates. These have been published in the ASTM books of standards 4-7). 

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