Mediterranean outflow water

Schmidt S (2006) Impact of the Mediterranean Outflow Water on particle dynamics in intermediate waters of the North-East Atlantic, as revealed by 234Th and 228Th. Mar Chem 100 289-298 Schmidt S, Reyss JL (1991) Uranium concentrations of Mediterranean seawaters with high salinities. C R Acad Sci Paris 312 379-384... 

Piepgras D. J. and Wasserburg G. J. (1983) Influence of the Mediterranean outflow on the isotopic composition of neodymium in waters of the North-Atlantic. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans Atmos. 88(NC10), 5997-6006. 

Ci Mediterranean, coastal water, Israel Sewage dilution from outflow into the sea Gilath /fl/. (1970)... 

Ocean prevents eutrophication. Much more water flows into the Mediterranean Sea than is required to replace evaporation from it. The excess, high salinity water exits Gibraltar below the water flowing in af fhe surface. Nufrients that enter the Mediterranean Sea from pollution sources are utilized by marine phytoplankton that sinks and exits with the outflow. Another example is that estuaries often have lower salinity or even freshwater at the surface with a denser saline layer at the bottom. An estuarine circulation occurs with nutrients being trapped in the saline bottom water. 

Brackishwater basin connected with the Caspian Sea and subjected to periodic freshening and water outflows to the Mediterranean Sea, fauna dominated by the Gurian (Pliocene) relics and Black Sea endemic species - salinity up to 15-19 %o... 

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