Medical cyclotron

Table 7.1. Features of medical cyclotrons from different manufacturers...

The size and structural features of a medical cyclotron vary from vendor to vendor and so require rooms of various dimensions. A room of 25 x 25 feet should be adequate for most compact medical cyclotrons and should be equipped with a floor drain. The power supply unit may be installed in the cyclotron room or in a separate room. 

In 1962, the 60-in. cyclotron, called the medical cyclotron,vras transferred in 1962 from Lawrence s labs to the Crocker Nuclear Laboratory of the University of California at Davis, where it was used primarily for the production of iodine-123. 

The medical applications of nuclear technology range from in vitro and in vivo injections for diagnostic tests to cobalt radiation for cancer therapy. A new medical specialty was created, a family of compact cyclotrons was developed to provide short-lived nuclides, and a sizable industry evolved to produce technetium. Until the nuclear industry was created, technetium had been missing from the chart of chemical elements because the half-life of the most stable member was too short, 21,000 years. Technetium and several other nuclides of importance here are discussed elsewhere in the chapter in connection with their production (see Table 21.19).60,61... 

Lagunas-Solar, M., Cyclotron Production of No-Carrier-Added Medical Radionuclides, 7th Conference on the Applications of Acceleration in Research and Industry, Denton, TX, 1982. 

S. M. Qaim, Nuclear Data Relevant to Cyclotron Produced Short-lived Medical Radioisotopes, Radiochim. Acta 30, 147 (1982)... 

The first artificial radionuclide (phosphorus-30) was pnv duced by the French radiochemists Frederic Joliet and Irene Curie. Nuclear medicine became a specialty in 1946 when radionuclides became available from cyclotrons and nuclear reactors. In many medical centers, nuclear medicine is con-... 

Properties of the complexes of alkali metal cations with various bases are important in understanding ion-molecule interactions, solvation effects, biomedical and physiological phenomena related to ion channels and relevant in medical treatments. Reliable experimental bond dissociation enthalpies, and thereby gas-phase alkali ion affinities, could now be obtained using various mass spectrometry techniques such as the Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR), collision-induced dissociation and photodissociation methods. However, these methods do not provide direct information on the adduct structures. 

Figure 7.2. A commercial cyclotron, ECLIPSE HD, developed and manufactured by Siemens Medical Solutions USA. (Courtesy of Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc.). The features of this cyclotron are given in Table7.1.

Facilities The PET center and/or the cyclotron facility must be registered or licensed by the state for the manufacture of PET radiopharmaceuticals. However, the use of PET radiopharmaceuticals is regulated by the NRC or Agreement States. The license for medical use of radiopharmaceuticals is... 

Because of increased demand for PET procedures using 18F-FDG, several commercial vendors have set up cyclotron facilities at many locations around the country and distribute 18F-FDG to distant customers. PETNET, a division of Siemens Medical Solutions, has more than four dozen distribution centers, covering more than 50% of FDG dosages in the USA. Cardinal Health and IBA have the major share of the remaining FDG sales. Many smaller suppliers as well as many academic sites are coming into the market. 

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