Median Tumors

Experiments in which tumor xenografts were treated with paclitaxel and radiation in hypoxic and noroxic conditions were pursued (46). It was found that the creation of hypoxic conditions greatly reduced the efficacy of paclitaxel in its enhancement of radioresponse. Measurements of tumor oxygenation using Eppendorf histographs confirmed that the median tumor P02 increased from the control value of 6.8 mmHg to... 

The in vivo antitumor activities of 23a and 23d were evaluated against B16 melanoma in B6D2F1 mice.39 Taxoids (0.4 mL/mouse) were administered intravenously (i.v.) on days 5, 7, and 9. Results are as follows for 23a, T/C = 5% (20 mg/kg/day), time for median tumor to reach 1000 mg (days) = 26.03, log10 cell kill = 1.97 for 23d, T/C = 8% (12.4 mg/kg/day), time for median tumor to reach 1000 mg (days) = 27.54, log10 cell kill = 2.25. The results clearly indicate that, unlike the cyclohexyl analogues, both analogues are very active in vivo and their activities are equivalent to that of docetaxel in the same assay. 

Daily Dose, d (mg/rat) Median Tumor Induction Time, t (days) Total Dose, D (mg/rat)... 

The median tumor diameter was 6 cm (2-15 cm). Tumor locations included the hepatoduodenal ligament, mesentery, adrenal gland, mesogastrium, and local recurrences after rectal or pancreatic cancer. The minimal median dose in the target volume was 11 Gy (4-18 Gy). Median follow-up was 7 months (1-16). Four patients (21%) died during the follow-up period. Local tumor control was 76.5% after 6 months progression-free survival, 47% after 6 months (Wieners 2006). 

Dso Median tumorlgenlc dose9 l.e. the total molar dose of a compound required to Induce tumors in 50% of the test animals. 

Cytotoxic chemotherapy is eventually required in most patients with metastatic breast cancer. Patients with hormone-receptor-negative tumors require chemotherapy as initial therapy of symptomatic metastases. Patients who respond initially to hormonal manipulations eventually cease to respond and go on to require chemotherapy. The median duration of response is 5 to 12 months, but some patients will have an excellent response to an initial course of chemotherapy and may live 5 to 10 years or longer without evidence of disease. In general, median survival of patients after treatment with commonly used drug combinations for metastatic breast cancer is 14 to 33 months. The median time to response has ranged from 2 to 3 months in most studies, but this period depends in large part on the site of measurable disease. The median time to appearance of response is between 3 and 6 weeks in patients whose disease is primarily in the skin and lymph nodes, 6 to 9 weeks in patients with metastatic lung involvement, 15 weeks in patients with hepatic involvement, and nearly 18 weeks in patients with bone involvement. Thus it is often the case that an immediate response to therapy is not... 

Malignant carcinoid tumors, a symptom of carcinoid syndrome, presented a therapeutic challenge for many years until the introduction of interferon treatment in 1982 by Oberg and Eriksson [51]. They reported that 47 out of 111 patients (42%) treated with interferon- / (median dose of 6 mega-units (MU) of interferon-a, five... 

A much more conventional approach was required for the approval of pemefrexed for the treatment of patients with advanced mesothelioma. In a trial of cisplafinum plus pemetrexed vs. cisplafinum alone, there was a significant improvement in patient survival (a median of 13 vs. 10 months). In addition to an improvement in survival, the trial also had patient-oriented endpoints such as amount of dyspnea and an improvemenf in vital capacity (e.g., clinical benefit). There is no doubt that future clinical trials should build upon these important patient-oriented endpoints, particularly trials in which response (tumor shrinkage) may not be as commonly seen as the response with cytotoxic agents. ... 

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