Mechanism of Dissolving

A look at what happens to molecules and ions at the surface of a solid that has been introduced into a liquid solvent, or at the interface of the two liquids when a liquid solute is introduced to a liquid solvent, helps explain why some of substances dissolve and others do not. In this section, we examine the interactions between the molecules and ions of a solute with the molecules of a solvent. We consider water as the solvent in Sections 10.7.1 and 10.7.2 and nonaqueous solvents in Section 10.7.3. 

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On the other hand, the inhibitory effects are also discussed in several reports [51, 52], However, there are few literatures about the exact and well catalytic mechanisms of dissolved or undissolved redox mediators, which are the bottlenecks of the accelerating/inhibitory effects, the fast development, and the more application of dissolved or undissolved redox mediators. Therefore, the catalytic mechanisms of dissolved or undissolved redox mediators are the focus for the anaerobic bio-transformation of priority pollutants in the future. At the same time, the more effective undissolved redox mediators is also another noticed field during the new anaerobic bio-technology of wastewater treatment. 

Polymeric electrolytes can possibly be used to build safe, non-toxic modern battery systems, e.g. Li-batteries. In this context the understanding of the ionic conduction mechanism of dissolved alkali salts is of major importance. Besides macroscopic measurements of transport coefficients, the investigation of mobilities on a molecular level is essential to identify the relevant conduction mechanisms. 

Jardine, P. M., N. L. Weber, and J. F. McCarthy. 1989. Mechanisms of dissolved organic carbon adsorption on soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal 53 1378—1385. 

Nagata, T. 2000. Production mechanisms of dissolved organic matter. In Microbial Ecology of the Oceans (D. L. Kirchman, Ed.), pp. 121—152. Wiley-Liss, New York. 

Me Dowell, W. H. 1985. Kinetics and mechanism of dissolved organic carbon retention in a headwater stream. Biogeochemistry 1 329-352. 

Based on a study of C60 fiillerene solubility [1], it has been found that Cf, fiillerene, being a nonpolar molecule, is insoluble in polar solvents, such as alcohol, acetone, tetrahydrofurane etc. Relying on the above, it has been concluded that the solvation mechanism of dissolving plays an insignificant part in the processes of fiillerene dissolution. 

The mechanism of dissolving metal reductions depends on the nature of the solvent and the nature of the substrate. The proposed mechanism for the reduction of dialkylacetylenes by sodium in HMPA in the presence of a proton donor is illustrated in equation (18). The addition of an electron to the triple bond of (45) is proposed to produce the rran -sodiovinyl radical (46), or the corresponding radical anion (47), which undergoes protonation by the added alcohol to produce the radical (48). Further reduction of (48) by sodium produces the rrans-sodiovinyl compound (49), which on protonation produces the trans-a -kene (50). In the absence of a proton donor, the reduction of (45) with sodium in HMPA results in the formation of a mixture of cis- and trans-2- and 3-hexenes. Control studies showed that the isomerization products 2- and 3-hexene are not formed by rearrangement of the cis- or frans-3-hexenes. It was concluded that the starting alkyne (45) acts as a reversible proton donor reacting with an intermediate anion or radical anion to produce the delocalized anion (51) which is then protonated to produce the al-lene (52). Reduction of the allene (52), or further rearrangement to the alkyne (53) followed by reduction, then leads to the formation of the mixture of the cis- and trans-2- and 3-hexenes (equation 19). ... 

Franz, M., Arafat, H.A., and Pinto, N.G. (2000). Effect of chemical surface heterogeneity on the adsorption mechanism of dissolved aromatics on activated carbon. Carbon, 38, 1807-19. 

Fig. 12.3 Transport mechanisms of dissolved substances in the sediment/pore water system. The diffusive transport is substance-specific and is solely based on the distribution of material concentrations. Its calculation is performed on the basis of concentration gradients in pore water and/or within the diffusive boundary layer (J The morphology of the sediment...

The study of the condensation mechanisms of dissolved cations in solution has shown that the presence of a hydroxo ligand in the coordination sphere was required for the reaction to take place. This imposes restrictions on the electronegativity of the element involved. For example, the zero-charge molecular form of... 

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