Mechanically induced chemical

P.G. McCormick, Mechanical alloying and mechanically induced chemical reactions 47... 

P. G. McCormick, Mechanical Alloying and Mechanically Induced Chemical Reactions, in Handbook on the physics and chemistry of rare earths Gschneidner Jr., K.A., L. Eyring, Eds., 1997, Vol. 24, Chapter 160. 

To prove the decisive role of fracturing in the initiation of chemical conversion in a sample, experiments were carried out in which the sample was subjected to mechanical fracture by an external force. The brittle fracture of the sample containing stabilized active centers (y radiolysis) was accomplished at a constant thermostat temperature of 4.2 K by turning a frozen-in thin metallic rod (see Fig. 2). At the instant of the disturbance, a rapid (explosive) chemical conversion occurred. Being initiated locally, the reaction then spread over the sample—the dark color due to y radiolysis disappeared. Such mechanically induced chemical conversions were observed both in vitreous (BC + C12, MCH + C12, MB + S02) and in polycrystalline (C2H4HBr15) systems with different types of reactions studied (chlorination, hydrobromin-ation, polymerization)/... 

McCormick, P.G., Mechanical alloying and mechanically induced chemical reactions, in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, vol. 24, Flsevier Science, New York, 1997. 

The earliest systematic studies of mechanically induced chemical reactions in solids were those of Cary-Lea [61] and Parker [62], who showed that the shearing action of grinding was able to bring about a number of doubledecomposition reactions between simple inorganic salts. Moreover, Parker concluded that this was due to local heating at points of contact between crystals, resulting in fusion and subsequent chemical reaction. This point of view was later taken up by Bernal [63], who proposed that energy could be concentrated into localized hot spots by friction. Detailed experimental studies on the initiation of explosion by impact and friction were subsequently carried out by Bowden and Yoffe [64] and Ubbelohde [65,66] and their coworkers. 

Caruso MM, Davis DA, Shen Q, Odom SA, Sottos NR, White SR, Moore JS (2009) Mechanically-induced chemical changes in polymeric materials. Chem Rev 109 5755... 

Kuksenok, O., Yashin, V.V., and Balazs, A.C. (2007) Mechanically induced chemical oscillations and motion... 

MECHANICAL ALLOYING AND MECHANICALLY INDUCED CHEMICAL REACTIONS... 

---