Soft tissues measuring

The absorption, distribution, and accumulation of lead in the human body may be represented by a three-part model (6). The first part consists of red blood cells, which move the lead to the other two parts, soft tissue and bone. The blood cells and soft tissue, represented by the liver and kidney, constitute the mobile part of the lead body burden, which can fluctuate depending on the length of exposure to the pollutant. Lead accumulation over a long period of time occurs in the bones, which store up to 95% of the total body burden. However, the lead in soft tissue represents a potentially greater toxicological hazard and is the more important component of the lead body burden. Lead measured in the urine has been found to be a good index of the amount of mobile lead in the body. The majority of lead is eliminated from the body in the urine and feces, with smaller amounts removed by sweat, hair, and nails. 

Pregnant females were sacrificed by carbon dioxide anesthesia on day 21 of gestation the uterine horns were exteriorized through a midline incision in the abdominal wall, and the number and position of live, dead, and resorbed fetuses were noted. After being weighed and sexed, the fetuses were examined for external anomalies the crown-rump length was measured with a vernier caliper. Half of each litter was preserved in Bouin s solution and later examined for soft tissue anomalies (16) the other half was preserved in alcohol, cleared and stained with Alizarin red-S, and examined for skeletal abnormalities (2). 

Due to false positives, zinc may confound interpretation of the paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) mouse bioassay, one of the routine tests used to measure shellfish safety for human consumption. For example, mice injected intraperitoneally with extracts of healthy oyster tissues showed extreme weakness, a drop in body temperature, cyanosis, and some deaths (McCulloch et al. 1989). The threshold for a toxic PSP response corresponds to a drained tissue zinc level >900 mg/kg FW, and this overlaps the zinc concentration range of 230 to 1650 mg/kg FW (1900 to 9400 mg/kg DW) recorded in healthy oyster soft tissues (McCulloch et al. 1989). 

R. J. Dickinson and C. R. Hill, Measurement of soft tissue motion using correlation between A-scans, Ultrasound Med. Biol., 1982, 8, 263-271. 

Local treatment of skin and soft tissue infections with antibiotic-containing ointments or solutions should not be used because it leads to allergic reactions and rapid development of bacterial resistance. In settings where MRSA or resistant Enterobacte-riaceae (like ESBL s gram negative bacteria with extended spectrum beta lactames) or Pseudomonas spp. occur, the empiric use of vancomycin and a carbapenem can be necessary. The risk of transmission of these organisms should be minimalised by hygienic and isolation measures. 

P MRS in several human cancers, including non-Hodgkin s lymphoma (NHL), sarcomas of soft tissue and bone, breast cancer, and head and neck cancerInitially, they showed basic technique reproducibility in vitro and for quadriceps muscle in volunteers across participating institutions. Spectral quality and reproducibility varied among the different cancers. Later, they demonstrated that a reproducible measure of PME normalized to nucleoside-triphosphate resonances could be obtained for a select group of matched patients with NHL. ... 

In 1993, ANSI issued a revised version of this standard (ANSI, 1993). The 30 cm diameter sphere of soft tissue of density 1 g cm was modified to a 30 cm X 30 cm X 16 cm slab of soft tissue with the composition defined by the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements [ICRU (1992)]. NVLAP and NRC have announced plans to use the revised version (NVLAP, 1994). 

Reference Exposure Measure of relative risk Soft-tissue sarcoma Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ... 

Fig. 5.3 Measurement of tourniquet pressure, soft-tissue pressure (Shawand Murray 1982). Reprinted with permission of the Journal of Bone Joint Surgery, Inc...

Limited data in animals suggest that chlorobenzene is not teratogenic. Rats were administered chlorobenzene (100 or 300 mg/kg) in corn oil by gavage from days 6-15 of gestation (IBT 1977). Fetal weight, external anomalies, and skeletal and soft tissue abnormalities did not differ from control animals in any of the measured parameters. Further, data on maternal weight and behavioral effects did not reveal evidence for dose-related effects. 

The diagnosis is best confirmed by measuring lead in whole blood. Although this test reflects lead currently circulating in blood and soft tissues and is not a reliable marker of either recent or... 

Gu, W.Y. and Justiz, M.A. (2002) Apparatus for measuring the swelling dependent electrical conductivity of charged hydrated soft tissues. J Biomech Engng 124, 790-793... 

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