Measurement Cummings’ method

Englyst HN and Cummings JH. 1988. Improved method for measurement of dietary fiber as non-starch polysaccharides in plant foods. JAOAC 71 808-814. 

Englyst, H.N. and Cummings, J.H. (1984) Simplified method for the measurement of total non-starch polysaccharides by gas-liquid chromatography of constituent sugars as alditol acetates. Analyst 109, 937-942. 

While such flexibility in calculation and measurement of Q for underbalanced explosives conforms with the general observation that different explosives are indeed better for different applications, the state of the art has not yet reached the stage where an application and a calculational method based only on can be unambiguously matched. For such reasons, we feel that citing the heat of detonation (note quotes ) as a unique property of an under balanced explosive is often apt to be misleading. Where figures of merit are based on this property alone, Intercomparisons of explosives should be taken cum grano salts iinless all the assumptions in the calculations or the exact conditions of the calorimetric measurements arc dearly spelled out. 

These claims were immediately challenged through molecular dynamics simulation by Chialvo and Cummings [65] and by Loffler et al [131], and at once it became clear that the NDIS-93 data were seriously flawed. Given the complexity of the NDIS experiments and the numerous possible sources of errors in the processing of the raw data, it was reasonable to suspect the presence of artifacts [131]. Yet, initially it was also unclear whether the disagreement between the predicted and measured correlation functions was a reflection of unrealistic intermolecular models, inadequate methods of processing the diffraction raw data, or a combination of both factors. 

Yu et al. synthesized Au NPs-rGO via gas phase chemical reduction method using oleylamine as a solvent cum reducing agent and utilized the composites material for micro-gravimetric detection of chemical vapour [38]. In the process, GO sheets were first prepared by modified Hummers method after which a measured amount of GO was added to a measured quantity of oleylamine solution and heated to 120°C in an oil bath. To the solution, HAuCT was added and heated to 180°C. The reaction was then cooled to... 

Doctoral Thesis, Univiersity of Hies Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain Dubois M, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK, Rebers PA, Smith F (1956) Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and substances. Anal Chem 28 350-356 Englyst HN, Cummings JH (1988) Improved method for measurement of dietary fibre as nonstarch polysaccharides in plant foods. J Soc Off Anal Chem 71(4) 808-814 Faichney GJ, White GA (1985) Methods for the analysis of feeds eaten by ruminatnts. Division of Animal Production, Ian Clunies Ross Animal Research laboratory, PO Box 239, Blacktown, NSW 2184, Australia... 

The thermal expansion of Gd2(Mo04)3 has been measured by Newnham et al. 6969) and Cummings (1970) by X-ray powder and dilatometric methods respectively. However, by X-ray study of a Gd2(Mo04)3 single crystal by Kobayashi et al. (1972) is most recent and thorough. Their data on the temperature dependence of the lattice constants and lattice volume are given in fig. 30.20. The first order nature of the transition is seen as a small discontinuous change in lattice constant with a thermal hysteresis of about 3.5°C as seen in fig. 30.21. 

The test particle method of Widom and related particle insertion schemes reviewed recently by Kofke and Cummings have been used extensively to investigate the hydration of small nonpolar molecules. Widom s approach to this problem involves performing NVT-ensemble simulations of pure water. A variety of solution properties may be investigated by measuring the energy of solute molecules randomly inserted into the pure solvent. These test particles probe the system but do not affect the solvent trajectories. The excess chemical potential of a solute molecule is thus calculated as... 

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