Means, Alexander

Two alternative means around the difficulty have been used. One, due to Pethica [267] (but see also Alexander and Barnes [268]), is as follows. The Gibbs equation, Eq. III-80, for a three-component system at constant temperature and locating the dividing surface so that Fi is zero becomes... 

The Alexander model is based on two assumptions that enable simple expressions for these two terms (1) The concentration profile of the layer is step-like. That is, the monomer volume fraction within the layer, (p Na3/d2L, is constant, independent of position (2) The chains are uniformly stretched. That is, all chain ends are positioned on a single plane at a distance L from the surface. [In this paper, we use the symbol to mean approximately equal to or equal to within a numerical factor of order one we use to mean proportional to .] The first assumption simplifies the calculation of Fin, while the second yields a simple expression for Fel. 

Trendelenberg position, in order to help perfuse the ischemic brain regions. Wojner-Alexander et studied 20 stroke patients with transcranial Doppler (TCD) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), measuring mean flow velocities (MFV) at 30°, 15°, and 0° head of bed elevation. The MFV improved in all patients by lowering the head of bed, and three patients demonstrated immediate neurological improvement when lowered to 0°. 

With the exception of the first day of exposure, when the mean blood concentration was 549 fig/mL, 1 h daily exposures of beagles at 118,278 ppm resulted in mean blood concentrations between 125 and 254 figlmL (Alexander et al. 1995b). Absorption was rapid and reached a plateau during the 1-h exposure. Elimination was also rapid, and there was a half-life of 7 min until a blood concentration of approximately 5% of the maximum was reached. The remainder of the compound was eliminated more slowly. There were no gender-related differences in blood concentrations. 

With the exception of some unique symbols of William Higgins in 1789, generally, straight lines appeared in published chemical formulas only when Archibald Couper introduced them in 1858 to indicate valences (units of atomicity, saturation capacity, or quantivalence).77 Whereas innocent accent marks or superscript dashes had been used at midcentury to indicate valence or value, straight lines now suggested a less abstract meaning, despite disclaimers like Alexander Crum Brown s that the lines indicated the "chemical," not "physical," positions of atoms. 78... 

Discrimination of species odors, and hy inference, reproductive isolation between species by means of odors, has been demonstrated for many species. Early examples are bank voles, Ckthrionomysglareolus (Godfrey, 1958), Peromyscus spp. (Moore, 1965 Doty, 1972),M sspp. (Bowers and Alexander, 1967), andger-bils (Dagg and Windsor, 1971). Male naked mole rats (superspecies Spalax ehren-hergi, Spalacidae) preferred odors from estrous females of their own to a different karyotype in a two-choice apparatus. The odors used were those of soiled bedding and urine from females (Nevo etah, 1976). 

Treatment means for pH and organic matter varied significantly between treatments, except for the pH between European alder/black walnut and walnut-alone. According to Alexander (32), nitrification is almost negligible at pH 5.0. Nitrification in soil beneath red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) was reported at a pH as low as 3.5 (33). Obviously nitrification has not been eliminated in soil beneath treatment plots in our study. 

AD. Tseng Tsao of Wei at the San Quo Dynasty threw stones in the battle of Kuan Tu by means of the thunder vehicle (Ref 66, p 12), which was actually stone ballista (Ref 66, p 24) 222—235 AD. Alexander VI of Roman Empire called the automatic fire a ball (consisting of quicklime and asphalt) which spontaneously ignited on coming in contact with water (Ref... 

As reviewed by Alexander (1985) and Morris Pritchard (1994), many studies suggest that bioavailability represents one of the most important factors influencing PAH biodegradability in the environment. This is because PAHs, especially the HMW, hydrophobic compounds, possess intrinsically low water solubilities and therefore tend to partition onto soil mineral surfaces and to sorb tightly to available organic materials (Hites et al., 1977 Means et al., 1980 Weber etal., 1993). When PAHs are adsorbed in this way they become physically unavailable to resident microorganisms and are therefore protected from microbial catalysis. 

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