Mayer, Joseph

Some of the Farben prosecution staff as well as some members of the Farben investigating teams have reviewed this book and made helpful suggestions. The following persons in particular devoted much time and effort to suggesting material and reviewing the manuscript Belle Mayer Zeck, Emanuel Minskoff, Drexel Sprecher, Joseph Friedman, Bernard Bernstein, Ansel Luxford, and John Pehle. Valuable data were supplied by Jerry Weiss, William Acton, and Beniamin Ferencz. 

THERMODYNAMICS BASED ON STATISTICS. I By Gilbert N. Lewis and Joseph E. Mayer Chemical Laboratory, University of California Communicated June 19, 1928... 

Lewis s "decision" between rival theories was published in the paper written with Joseph E. Mayer, "A Disproof of the Radiation Theory of Chemical Activation," Proc.NAS 13 (1927) 623625. A copy of the news release is in the College of Chemistry Papers, 19231936, BL.UCB. Lewis wrote A. F. Joffe in fall 1927 of Mayer s failure to find a chemical reaction when a molecular stream is passed through a radiation field. Letter from G. N. Lewis to A. F. Joffe, 27 October 1927, Lewis Papers, BL.UCL. 

In the next few years, in addition to his duties at Caltech, Pauling lectured regularly at Berkeley, glad to talk with Lewis and other physical chemists there about his work. Lewis wrote his former student, Joseph Mayer, that Uhlenbeck and Sommerfeld both had been at Berkeley in spring 1929, "but the best of all by far was Pauling.. . . He gave a course three hours a week in quantum mechanics, and one of one hour a week on the size of ions and other similar problems." 59... 

Letter from G. N. Lewis to Joseph Mayer, 3 May 1929, Lewis Papers, BL.UCB. 

Letter from Joseph Mayer to G. N. Lewis, May 19, 1930, dated from Johns Hopkins University, Lewis Letters, BL.UCB. 

Lewis, Gilbert N., and Joseph E. Mayer. "A Disproof of the Radiation Theory of Chemical Activation." Proc.NAS 13 (1927) 623625. 

Joseph Mayer to, 254 disinterest in organic chemistry, 256 Lewis, William McCullagh, 123-125 Libavius, Andreas, 59-60 Libes, Antoine, 39... 

In 1965, Joseph E. Mayer (Sidebar 13.5) and co-workers published a paper [M. Baur, J. R. Jordan, P. C. Jordan, and J. E. Mayer. Towards a Theory of Linear Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics. Ann. Phys. (NY) 65, 96-163 (1965)] in which the vectorial character of the thermodynamic formalism was suggested from a statistical mechanical origin. Although this paper attracted little attention at the time, its results suggest how thermodynamic geometry might be traced to the statistics of quantum mechanical phase-space distributions. 

In 1960, the Mayers moved to the University of California at San Diego, where both could finally hold full professorships, his in chemistry and hers in physics. But shortly after arrival, Maria suffered a stroke and was troubled thereafter by poor health, succumbing finally (after a prolonged coma) in 1972. While continuing collaborative theoretical chemistry studies, Joseph Mayer helped to build the newly formed UCSD chemistry faculty to national prominence. He retired and remarried, then accepted a term of presidency of the American Physical Society (1973) and continued other professional activities until his death in 1983. 

Although his scientific contributions were naturally somewhat overshadowed by those of Maria, Joseph Mayer built a legacy of concepts and methods that influence many areas of modem physical chemistry research. 

J. Andrew McCammon holds the Joseph E. Mayer Chair of Theoretical Chemistry at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), and is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He received his Ph.D. in chemical physics in 1976 from Harvard University, where he worked with John Deutch on biological applications of statistical mechanics and hydrodynamics. In 1976-1978, he was a Research Fellow at Harvard, where he developed the computer simulation approach to protein dynamics in collaboration with Martin Karplus. He was an Assistant Professor and then M.D. Anderson Professor (1981-1994) at the University of Houston before moving to UCSD. He recalls with pleasure the first views of atomic dynamics in a protein molecule, generated slowly on a pen plotter during his postdoctoral work. 

We would like to acknowledge our sincere thanks to Professor Joseph E. Mayer for the stimulating discussions, and to Professor Michael E. Fisher for the helpful correspondence. 

Much of the theory underlying the following equations was developed for gases and extended to electrolyte solutions largely by Joseph Mayer (Mayer and Mayer, 1940 McMillan and Mayer, 1945 Mayer, 1950). For a comprehensive summary, see Friedman, (1962). 

This work on correlation functions, when generalized to mixtures, led to two equivalent, though superficially different, formally exact theories of solutions, due to Joseph Mayer and William McMillan (McMillan and Mayer 1945) and to John Kirkwood and Frank Buff (Kirkwood and Buff 1951). These theories and their experimental consequences form the bulk of the material in the remainder of this book. Before discussing them, however, let us describe several approximate theories, which had a considerable vogue in the 1950s and 1960s but which are not much used nowadays. 

Lindsay Helmholz was born in Chicago on November 11, 1909. From 1926 until 1928 he attended Cornell University and in 1933 received his Ph.D. degree from John Hopkins University, where he was an early student of Joseph E. Mayer. He was one of the few Mayer students to do experimental work and he worked on the Born-(Mayer)-Haber cycle to determine the electron affinities of F. Helmholz came to the California Institute of Technology first as a National Research Fellow (1934-1936) then as an Instructor in Chemistry (1936-1941). At the Institute Helmholz worked with Linus Pauling and became a crystallogra-pher. In 1941 he moved to Dartmouth College as an Assistant Professor and set up his own X-ray diffraction apparatus. 

Much of the theory underlying the Pitzer equations was developed for gases and extended to electrolyte solutions largely by Joseph Mayer (Mayer and Mayer, 1940 Mayer, 1950), and especially McMillan and Mayer (1945). For a brief summary see McQuarrie (2000, Chapter 15) and for a comprehensive summary see Friedman, (1962). If you do consult these references, your knowledge of statistical mechanics had better be pretty good. Mazo and Mou (1991) describe the technical details in McMillan and Mayer as rather intricate. ... 

With the mean free path thus calculated, it was possible to obtain a value for the number of molecules in unit volume, provided the diameter of the molecule was known. A method of estimating molecular diameters was suggested in 1865 by Johann Joseph Loschmidt (1821-1895), and the value he calculated for the number of molecules per cubic centimetre is sometimes called the Loschmidt number. It is now known that Loschmidt s value is too small by a factor of 30, This was due to Loschmidt using Mayer s value for the mean free path. Although Mayer s work was more recent than Maxwell s, his value for the mean free path was less accurate. 

James A. Joseph, Ph.D. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. 

The Nature of the Chemical Bond had a tremendous impact not only on research but also in the teaching of chemistry. Joseph Mayer prepared a review of the book, in which he considered it to be... 

Heaton (1928) records that cohalt oxide forms an intense and beautiful black , noting that it is used to some extent in fresco painting . Mayer (1991) describes this as a rather coarse black powder . This colour (as black oxide of cobalt ) was found in the paintbox belonging to Joseph Southall (1861-1944). Dunkerton (1980) states that this is a potter s colour which was made by Sir William Burton in collaboration with. .. John Batten and available through the society of tempera painters and Lechertier Barbe , thereby being also known as Burton s cobalt. See cobalt oxides and hydroxides group. 

On April 30, 1925, the United Oil Gas Syndicate was formed to explore for oil on Jefferson Island. The S5mdieate, founded by Arthur Barba (1861 - 1936) and under the leadership of Frank Coleman and then R.J.B. Abshire, had started as an oil exploration company. The company became Jefferson Oil Development Company on November 10, 1926 and then the Jefferson Lake Oil Company on July 24, 1928. The firm had spent one million dollars looking unsuccessfully for oil. Approaching bankmptcy, the company, now under the leadership of A.A. Mayer, found sulfur in the center of Lake Peigneur. Jefferson Lake Sulfur wisely deeided to switch their focus from oil to sulfur. The first sulfur production from Lake Peigneur was on October 18,1932. The business officially became Jefferson Lake Sulfur Company on Febmary 17, 1940. The president was now Joseph Mullen, and Adolphe D Aquin was chairman. 

Joseph E. Mayer, 1904-1983, was a prominent American physicai chemist who was well known fora textbook in statistical mechanics that he coauthored with his wife, Maria Goeppert Mayer, 1906-1972, who was one of the 1963 Nobel Prize winners in physics for her work on the shell theory of nuclei. 

Joseph E. Mayer was an American physical chemist who made various contributions to statistical mechanics. 

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