Maximum agitation volume

Sodium phenylselenide 1 Sodium (50% dispersion in paraffin, Aldrich, 433 mg, 9.4 mmol) and benzophenone (25 mg, 0.14 mmol) in a minimal volume of dry THF (2 mL) were placed in a 25-mL roimd-bottom flask and sealed under an argon (dried by passing through a CaC column) atmosphere with a rubber septum. The flask was then suspended in a Semat 80-W, 50-kHz ultrasonic cleaning bath in a position so as to cause maximum agitation of the flask contents. After a few seconds of sonication the formation of sodium benzophenone ketyl was observed as evidenced by the evolution of a deep blue color. 

The first-stage CSTR is completely filled and utilizes a pair of opposing axial flow turbines on the agitator shaft. The maximum recommended viscosity for this reactor is 40 poise and the turbine agitation is set such that total flow volume generated per unit time by the turbines is 500 to 1000 times the feed rate to the reactor. 

A volume of 100 L of a solution containing 1000 ppm Pb2+ and minor amounts of other ions has to be treated. The desired final concentration is 100 ppm. The available adsorbent is a zeolite with a particle size of 1.3 mm, density of 2 g/cm3, and the REC is QM = 176 mg/g. Suppose that we have efficient agitation and solid diffusion is the controlling mechanism. Solid diffusion is about 6.4 X 10 1° cm2/s. Furthermore, the system obeys a favorable Langmuir isotherm with La = 0.03 and the maximum exchange level is qmm = 106 mg/g. 

Let us consider, as an example, a case of aerobic fermentation. The maximum amount of oxygen that can be absorbed into the unit volume of a fermentation medium at given temperature and pressure (i.e., the equilibrium relationship) is independent of the type and size of vessels used. On the other hand, the rates of oxygen absorption into the medium vary with the type and size of the fermentor and also with its operating conditions, such as the agitator speeds and rates of oxygen supply. 

Free-water knockouts, as the name implies, must remove excessive volumes of free water ahead of the treating systems. To best accomplish this, the chemical should be Injected prior to the knockout to break out the maximum amount of water. Because of this, the demulsifier cannot be sensitive to agitation. Interface conditions are also extremely important, as oily effluents will result if the interface is not smooth and dear. 

Mix the Liquid Citric Acid-50% with an equal volume of water. Slowly add the ammonium hydroxide solution. The neutralization should be done cautiously and under agitation, as the reaction is exothermic. Add Cellosolve, surfactant, remaining water, fragrance and dye. The formula is suitable for a pump spray. Bathtub, sinks, faucets and other hard surfaces should be sprayed from a distance of about 10 inches. For maximum effectiveness, the deposited cleaner fluid should be left at work for at least five minutes and then rinsed off with water or removed with a wet cloth or sponge. 

In the event that the molar volumes of solute and solvent are not comparable, and the thermal agitation is not adequate to achieve maximum entropy of mixing, a nonideal entropy of mixing exists (Bustamante et al., 1989). Two equations that account for the nonideal entropy of mixing have been derived by considering the partial molal volurfiA,and the volume fraction, occupied by each solution component. The L rst was developed by Flory and Huggins (Hildebrand, 1949 Kertes, 1965) ... 

Incubate partially solubilized inclusion bodies at 4°C with constant agitation for 60 min then combine the solutions in one 175-mL disposable centrifuge tube. Adjust the volume to 30 mL with sonication buffer and sonicate for 60 s at maximum output power (see Notes 4,5). 

Tetralone has been reduced to (7 )-1-tetralol with 166 at the 200-L scale (Scheme 12.65). The hydrogen source was /-PrOH. Initially, the maximum concentration to achieve high conversion was 0.05m in a closed system, but the ee decreased near the latter conversions. The key discovery in process optimization was removal of acetone by-product during the reaction. The catalyst is not stable at higher than 40°C however, the reaction can be performed under a slight vacuum (10-50 mbar) to remove acetone. Fresh IPA is added to the reaction to maintain constant volume. Under these conditions coupled with efficient agitation, substrate concentrations of 0.5m are achieved with complete conversions (TOF = 500-2500 Ir1) and reproducible enantioselectivity.212... 

When the volume of the massecuite reaches the maximum working capacity of the pan, the syrup feed is shut off, and evaporation is allowed to proceed until a thick massecuite is formed. When the massecuite concentration is considered tight, the steam and the vacuum are shut off, and the massecuite is dropped into a holding tank equipped with agitators, where it is kept in motion until discharged into the centrifUges. 

B In the case of no spontaneous ignition of gas or uncertainty about the combustible nature of the gas or the occurence of gas, a large sample (maximum 2 g) is put into a flask of 100 ml volume to obtain 100 ml of gas. The flask is put into a water bath at 40 °C. Pure water (ion exchanged water or distilled water) at 40 °C is rapidly dropped into the flask from a dropping funnel. The sample is agitated ". ... 

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