Matrix modification, nanoparticles

Modifications in order to improve starch matrix-starch nanoparticles nanocomposites were also proposed. For example, Ma et al. (2008c), proposed the fabrication and characterization of citric acid-modified starch nanoparticles/plasti-cized pea starch composites. In dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, the introduction of CA-S-NP could improve the storage modulus and the glass transition temperature of pea starch/CA-S-NP composites. The tensile yield strength and Young s modulus increased Irom 3.94 to 8.12 MPa and from 49.8 to 125.1 MPa, respectively, when the CA-S-NP contents varied fiom 0 to 4 wt%. 

The second conclusion to be made is that devices that utilize the properties of low dimensional objects such as nanoparticles - quantum dots - are promising due to the possibility of tailoring a number of electrophysical, optical and magnetic properties changing the size of the nanoparticles, which can be controlled during the synthesis. Modification of the nanoparticle surface, the possibility of doping and the opportunity to fill the matrix with nanoparticles... 

One of the few disadvantages associated with nanoparticle incorporation concerns the loss of some properties. Some of the data presented have suggested that nanoclay modification of polymers such as polyamide could reduce impact performance [28]. Nanofillers are sometimes very matrix-specific. High cost of nanofillers prohibits their use. 

Lipid nanodispersions (SLN and NLC) are complex, thermodynamically unstable systems. The colloidal size of the particles alters physical features (e.g., increasing solubihty and the tendency to form supercooled melts). The complex structured lipid matrix may include hquid phases and various lipid modifications that differ in the capacity to incorporate drugs. Lipid molecules of variant modifications may differ in their mobility. Moreover, the high amount of emulsifier used may result in liposome or micelle formation in addition to the nanoparticles. 

The considered works concern systems where the substrate plays an active role in catalytic reactions with participation of M nanoparticles located on its surface. This role shows itself not only in modification of the catalytic properties of particles by a charge transfer between them and a substrate, but also in formation of triple complexes, in which the reacting molecule is connected both with a substrate and with an M nanoparticle [114], Meanwhile, specific increased catalytic activity of M nanoparticles has been found out also in cryochemically synthesized nanocomposite PPX films, in which nonpolar polymer matrix only weakly interacts with M nanoparticles. 

In numerous works dealing with the combination of nanoparticles and FR compounds, surface modifications of nanoparticles were only aimed to promote good dispersion of the nanoparticles into the polymer matrix (with intercalated or exfoliated morphologies for layered silicates as nanoparticles), even in the presence of the usual FRs, for example ammonium polyphosphate (APP) or magnesium hydroxide (MH). The initial aim was to combine the individual effects of each component to achieve strong synergistic effects. 

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) SLN combine the advantages of traditional particulate drag carriers, but simultaneously avoid some of their major disadvantages. Like polymeric particles, they provide a modification of the release profile due to the solid state of the particle matrix and chemical stabilization - that is, the protection of drags incorporated into the soHd... 

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