Solid-phase microextraction matrix effect

Arthur and Pawliszyn introduced solid-phase microextraction (SPME) in 1990 as a solvent-free sampling technique that reduces the steps of extraction, cleanup, and concentration to a unique step. SPME utilizes a small segment of fused-silica fiber coated with a polymeric phase to extract the analytes from the sample and to introduce them into a chromatographic system. Initially, SPME was used to analyze pollutants in water - via direct extraction. Subsequently, SPME was applied to more complex matrixes, such as solid samples or biological fluids. With these types of samples, direct SPME is not recommended nevertheless, the headspace mode (HSSPME) is an effective alternative to extracting volatile and semivolatile compounds from complex matrixes. (Adapted from Llompart et ah, 2001)... 

Liu, M. Zeng, Z. Xian, Y. (2005). Elimination of matrix effects for headspace solid-phase microextraction of important volatile compounds in red wine using a novel coating. Analytica Chimica Acta 540, 341-353... 

Bravo-Sanchez, L.R. Encinar, J.R. Martinez, J.IE Sanz-Medel, A. Mercury speciation analysis in sea water by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using ethyl and propyl derivatization. Matrix effects evaluation. Spectrochim. Acta B. 2004, 59, 59-66. 

Whichever technique is used for extraction, an additional clean-up procedure is usually included prior to chromatographic analysis in order to minimize matrix effects caused by the presence of coextracted compounds. Sorbent-based (extraction and clean-up) techniques such as SPE [42,43], solid-phase microextraction (SPME) [44-46], matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) [47,48], and MIPs [49,50] are among the most conunonly used. SPE can be used as a direct extraction technique for liquid... 

---