Nanostructured energetic material

L., and Gash, A. (2000) Nanostructured energetic materials derived from sol-gel chemistry. Proc. 31st Inti. Ann. Conf. ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, June 27-30, 2000, pp. 35/1-35/7. 

Direct Preparation of Nanostructured Energetic Materials Using Sol-Gel Methods... 

Chervin CN, Clapsaddle BJ, Chiu HW, Gadi AE, Satcher JH Jr, Kauzlarich SM (2005) Aerogel Synthesis of Yttria-Stabilized Zirctmia by a Non-Alkoxide Sol-Gel Route Chem Mater 17 3345-3351 Gash AE, Pantoya M, Satcher JH, Simpson RL (2008) Nanostructured energetic materials aerogel thermite composites. Polymer Preprints (American Chemical Society, Division of Polymer Chemistry) 49 558-559... 

Leventis N, Chandrasekaran N, Sadekar AG, Sotiriou-Leventis C, Lu HB (2009) One-Pot Synthesis of Interpenetrating Inorganic/Organic Networks of CuO/Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Aerogels Nanostructured Energetic Materials. J Am Chem Soc 131 4576-4577... 

Attributes of Aerogels and Sol-Gel Processing for Nanostructured Energetic Materials... 

Inorganic Aerogel Materials as Nanostructured Energetic Composites... 

Figure 25.12. Photograph of a xerogel monolith of a Fesorcinol-formaldehyde/ammonium nitrate (3 7 w/w) nanostructured energetic composite illustrating the capability for sol-gel energetic materials to be cast and dried to well-defined shapes.

Gash AE, Satcher JH, Simpson RL (2002) Direct preparation of nanostructured energetic materials using sol-gel methods. In Miziolek, AW, Kama Sp, Mauro JM, Vaia Ra (Eds.) Defense applications of nanomateir-als. Washington DC American Chemical Society. 

Tillotson TM, Gash AE, Simpson RL, Hrubesh LW, Satcher JH, Poco JF (2001) Nanostructured energetic materials using sol-gel methodologies. J Non-Cryst Solids 285 338-345. 

Tappan BC, Brill TB (2003) Thermal decomposition of energetic materials 85 Cryogels of nanoscale hydrazinium perchlorate in resorcinol-formaldehyde. Propellants Explosives and Pyrotechnics 28(2) 72-76. Li J, Brill TB (2005) Nanostructured energetic composites of CL-20 and binders by sol-gel methods. Propellants Explosives and Pyrotechnics 31(1) 61-69. 

Development and application of composites containing nanostructured forms of metals open new horizons in creation of novel composite materials with controlled-quality properties and their usage in various kinds of human activity medicine, nanophotonics, catalytic chemical and refining processes, membrane technology, ecology, climate-monitoring systems, pure energetic, etc. 

In this chapter we report on properties of nanometer-sized semiconductor particles in solution and in thin films and thereby concentrate on the photochemical, photophysical, and photoelectrochemical behavior of these particles. We shall, very briefly, describe the energetic levels in semiconductors and the size quantization effect. The bottleneck in small-particle research is the preparation of well-defined samples. As many preparative aspects are already reviewed in several actual assays, we present here only the preparative highlights of the last two years. In Section IV we describe the fluorescence properties of the particles. We report on different models for the description of the very complex fluorescence mechanism and we show how fluorescence can be utilized as a tool to learn about surface chemistry. Moreover, we present complex nanostructures consisting of either linked particles or multiple shells of different nanosized materials. The other large paragraph describes experiments with particles that are deposited on conductive substrates. We show how the combination of photoelectrochemistry and optical spectroscopy provides important information on the electronic levels as well as on charge transport properties in quantized particle films. We report on efficient charge separation processes in nanostructured films and discuss the results with respect to possible applications as new materials for optoelectronics and photovoltaics. 

The nanostructured niobium and niobia films are promising materials for hydrogen energetics [3,4]- Particularly the niobium electrode generated hydrogen at a cathodic bias of an electrochemical cell. We have tested and confirmed that the developed electrode can be saturated with hydrogen and store it [4]. It should be noted that the niobia films can be also used for isolation of IC components [5]. 

---