Material reduction simplified design

To demonstrate the previously described BP as a good candidate for direct bioelectrocatalysis, in 2011 Hussein et al. immobilized MCOs on a BP electrode via physisorption [35]. MCOs are often apphed as oxygen reduction catalysts in BFCs [5,40,46-52]. By using BP as an electrode material, DET from the conductive surface to the T1 redox site is achieved and ehminates the need for mediators, thus simplifying design [53,54]. Compared with MCO-coated CNT aggregates, BP cathodes fabricated in this manner exhibited superior performance when normalized to the average mass of the CNT and BP electrodes, respectively [55]. 

Fig. 3-20 compares the flexural modulus versus temperatures for four 30% GRTP s. Because modulus is a frequently appearing property in mechanical design equations, creep data often are plotted as apparent or creep modulus. These data are shown in Table 3-6 for GRTP s. As can be seen, the apparent creep modulus improves with glass reinforcement. Generally, the creep modulus of the reinforced thermoplastics decreases as stress and temperature are increased. However, the creep modulus data for reinforced nylon, acetal, polyester, polysulfone, and polyvinyl chloride appear to be less dependent on stress under the conditions of this particular test. When creep modulus data at different stresses coincide—a phenomenon known as the Boltzman superposition—there is an obvious reduction in the amount of testing required. However, such a relationship is both temperature and stress dependent and must be confirmed at the conditions of interest for the specific material involved. Other techniques, such as time-temperature superposition and other empirical correlations, also have been devised to simplify the time-dependent response of plastics ... 

A reasonable and much simplified approach could entail a reduction in the number of the criteria described above, as for most research reactors the application of the criteria for facility classification shows a strong correlation between the risk associated with the facility and its installed power or radioactive inventory. This correlation might simplify the classification process at the beginning of the design. Clearly such assumptions have to be assessed in the safety assessment phase and justified in the safety analysis report. Table 2 provides an example of such a simplified approach based on the power rating of a research reactor or on the quantity and form of radioactive material (source term) in the facility. In the case of eonflict, the most stringent criteria can be applied. 

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