Mass throughput

The total required cooling capacity, or mass throughput of product with ingoing and outgoing temperatures... 

The solution for Ya is simple, even elegant, but what is the value of F It is equal to the mass holdup divided by the mass throughput. Equation (1.41), but there is no simple formula for the holdup when the density is variable. The same gas-phase reactor will give different conversions for A when the reactions are A 2B and A —> B, even though it is operated at the same temperature and pressure and the first-order rate constants are identical. 

We are now ready to calculate the mean residence time. According to Equation (1.41), f is the ratio of mass inventory to mass throughput. When the number of moles does not change, t is also the ratio of molar inventory to molar throughput. Denote the molar inventory (i.e., the total number of moles in the tube) as Nactimi- Then... 

Clearly, the nitroalkene dipolarophile oxidoisoquinolinium betaine 123 is nonideal for the synthesis of the hetisine alkaloids, as mass throughput for the needed cycloadduct would be low, and conversion of the tertiary nitro group to carbon-based functionality, as would be required in the latter stages of the synthesis, could be problematic. On the other hand, an ene-nitrile dipolarophile has several potential advantages over nitroalkene dipolarophile. Most importantly, the ene-nitrile cycloadduct has carbon functionality installed at the C-10 position. Second, the conjugate addition byproduct pathway that occurs so readily for the nitroalkene oxidoisoquinolinium betaine 123 system (see Scheme 1.13) should be much slower... 

In the operation of preparative columns, it is necessary to obtain the maximum mass throughput per unit time and, at the same time, achieve the required resolution. Consequently, the column will be operated at the optimum velocity as in the case of analytical columns. Furthermore, the D Arcy equation will still hold and the equation for the optimum particle diameter can be established in exactly the same way as the optimum particle diameter of the analytical column. The equation is fundamentally the same as that given for the optimum particle diameter for a packed analytical column, i.e. (18) In chapter 12, except that (a) and (k ) have different meanings. 

A single screw extruder has two Reynolds numbers. One, Re = pD2n/r]o, related to the rotational speed of the screw, and another, ReQ = Qp/rjoD, related to the mass throughput. The ratio of the two gives the dimensionless throughput ReQ /Ren Q / /) n. ... 

Solve the above plasticating extruder problem with a mass throughput to = 1.8 x 102 kg/s. 

The blast furnace operates continuously although the individual particles see a batch mode of reaction. The actual reaction conditions must be based on the batch reactor sequence for the particles since complete conversion is desired. This requires control of the mass throughput in the furnace, but primarily it requires accurate temperature control. Control of the solids is maintained at the bottom discharge port. Gas flow rate is controlled by blowers or by a stack discharge fan. 

Determination of optimum economic pipe diameter for constant mass-throughput rate. 

To summarize, the conditions under which Equations 11.3-12 and 11.3-13 are valid are (a) negligible kinetic and potential energy changes, (b) no accumulation of mass in the system, (c) pressure independence of U and / , (d) no phase changes or chemical reactions, and (e) a spatially uniform system temperature. Any or all of the variables T, T, , Q and (or IV) may vary with time, but the system mass, M, the mass throughput rate, m, and the heat capacities, C and Cp, must be constants. 

Let X = x/L and A == w/up, where L = axial length of devolatihzing section, w = mass throughput rate, and p = melt density. After substituting into Equation 6 and rearranging, one obtains ... 

Total mass throughput of a mill g/s Ib/s AYj, Cumulative size-distribution intervals cm in... 

These appfications are only a small sample of a large number of molecular-profiling clinical bioinformatics models that apply advanced computational techniques on mass-throughput data to address questions of prevention. 

The use of such units as measure of throughput permits a simple relationship between throughput, pressure, and the volumetric rate of displacement. Thus if the volumetric rate of displacement is measured in liters per second and the pressure in microns, the mass throughput, measured in micron-liters per second, is simply the product of the volumetric rate of displacement and the pressure. The volumetric rate of displacement is termed speed, whence the common formula... 

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