Mass spectrometry characterization/structural

Annan R.S. and Carr S.A. (1997), The essential role of mass spectrometry in characterizing protein structure mapping posttranslational modifications, J. Protein Chem. 16(5), 391-402. 

Fabbri, D., Chiavari, G., and Galletti, G.C. (1996) Characterization of soil humin by pyrolysis (methylation)—gas chromatography/mass spectrometry structural relationships with humic acids. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 37, 161-172. 

Enormous expansion has happened in the field of nanoclusters and researchers have shown an effective role of mass spectrometry in characterizing such pieces of matter. It is important to mention here that mass spectrometiy is not the only tool to characterize such clusters. Crystal structure is veiy much important to understand the detailed structure. Although there are plenty of reports of clusters assigned through mass spectrometry, only a few of them have been crystallized. A brief discussion of the clusters ctystallized is given in Table 1. In general, the structures consist of a metallic core which are surrounded by... 

Chia, V.K.F., Mount, G.R., Edgell, M.I, Magee, C.W. (1999) Recent advances in secondary ion mass spectrometry to characterize ultralow energy ion implants./cuirnaZ of Vacuum Science < Technology B Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 17, 2345-2351. 

Frisbie, C.D., Martin, J.R., Duff, R.R. Jr., Wrighton, M.S. (1992) Use of high lateral resolution secondary-ion mass spectrometry to characterize self-assembled monolayers on microfabricated structures. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 114, 7142-7145. 

Two groups have reported on the advantages of high resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry for characterizing libraries [42, 43]. This technique can determine the accurate mass of a compound and thus distinguish between isobars which have the same nominal mass. However, high resolution MS does not solve the portion of the mass redundancy in libraries which is due to true structural isomers. 

Understanding how molecules fragment upon electron impact pennits a mass spectrum to be analyzed in sufficient detail to deduce the structure of an unknown compound. Thousands of compounds of known structure have been examined by mass spectrometry, and the fragmentation patterns that characterize different classes are well documented. As various groups are covered in subsequent chapters, aspects of their fragmentation behavior under conditions of electron impact will be described. 

Karger, B. L., and Fiancock, W. S., eds. 1996. Methods in Enzymology 271, Section III Protein Structure Analysis by Mass Sj ectrometry, f R. Yates P tide Characterization by Mass Spectrometry, B. L. Gillece-Castro and J. T. Stnlts. New York Academic Pre.s.s. 

Snne Bergstrom and his colleagues described the first structural determinations of prostaglandins in the late 1950s. In the early 1960s, dramatic advances in laboratory techniques such as NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry made further characterization possible. 

The combination of the flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) technique169 with mass spectrometry proved to be particularly useful in identification and characterization of both the fragmentation/rearrangement patterns, intermediates and/or final products formed (see Section IV.E.l). Usually, no structures are indicated in the mass spectra, although ionization and appearance potential can, in principle, provide structural information. 

A structurally related tetrameric macroheterocycle is compound 13 that is prepared in a one-pot synthesis (yield 64%) from salicylaldehyde and (3-aminophenyl)boronic acid in methanol (Fig. 4). Due to its insolubility it has been characterized only by mass spectrometry. If a substitutent is introduced at the imine function (R = Me, Ph), trimeric structures (14 and 15) are... 

Bray KL (2001) High Pressure Probes of Electronic Structure and Luminescence Properties of Transition Metal and Lanthanide Systems. 213 1-94 Bronstein LM (2003) Nanoparticles Made in Mesoporous Solids. 226 55-89 Bronstrup M (2003) High Throughput Mass Spectrometry for Compound Characterization in Drug Discovery. 225 275-294... 

Tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) uses more than one mass analyzer for structural and sequencing studies that have been found very useful for anthocyanin characterization. These mass analyzers may be of the same type (triple or quadru-poie)85,86 Qj. such as ion trap quadrupole, - and quadrupole-time-of-flight... 

Neutral gangliolipids from Thermoplasma acidophilum were separated by PTLC, and their tentative structures were characterized by the combination of GC, H-NMR, and FAB-mass spectrometries [91]. The lipophilic portion of the neutral glycolipid was composed of caldarchaeol (dibiphytanyl-diglycerol tetraether), and the sugar moieties of the glycolipids were composed of glucose. 

Characterization of various types of damage to DNA by oxygen-derived species can be achieved by the technique of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which may be applied to DNA itself or to DNA-protein complexes such as chromatin (Dizdaroglu, 1991). For GC-MS, the DNA or chromatin is hydrolysed (usually by heating with formic acid) and the products are converted to volatile derivatives, which are separated by gas chromatography and conclusively identified by the structural evidence provided by a mass spectrometer. Stable isotope-labelled bases may be used as internal standards... 

Mo, W., Sakamoto, H., Nishikawa, A., Kagi, N., Langridge, J.I., Shimonishi, Y., and Takao, T., Structural characterization of chemically derivatized oligosaccharides by nanoflow electrospray ionozation mass spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 71, 4100, 1999. 

This procedure was compared with sequential extractive techniques employing alkaline hydrolysis of dried plant tissue followed by extraction of the acidified mixture with ethyl acetate. Fractions were individually evaluated for phytotoxic properties. Selected fractions from those showing a positive response were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Structural identification and characterization of the individual components in these selected fractions were accomplished by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 

Mass Spectrometry. Mass spectrometric (MS) analysis has been utilized for polymer and copolymer structural identification. Recently Dussel et al. utilized pyrolysis-MS to characterize... 

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