Mass spectrometry spectrometer diagram

In pyrolysis-mass spectrometry (Py-MS) the pyrolysate is directly transferred to a mass spectrometer and analyzed, generating a complex spectrum. The sample introduction can be done using various techniques. One simple technique is the direct insertion probe (DIP) where the sample is deposited on an insert that has the capability of heating the sample and of introducing the pyrolysate directly into the ion source of the mass spectrometer (see e.g. [1]). Another technique is the Curie point Py-MS where an attachment to the mass spectrometer allows the sample to be placed in a radio frequency (RF) region continued by an expansion chamber connected to the ion source. The sample is pyrolyzed and the pyrolysate ionized and analyzed in the MS instrument. A schematic diagram of a Curie point Py-MS system is shown in Figure 3.3.2. 

Mass spectrometry is widely used for the qualitative analysis of unknowns samples, and in particular, for the identification and characterization of biological macromolecules. Recent decades have seen the introduction and optimization of the so-called soft ionization methods that provide intact, vapor-phase biomolecular ions for separation and detection. This chapter considers MS fundamentals, ionization methods, and applications to biological macromolecules. Conventional mass spectrometers used for low volatile molecular weight samples that are introduced in the vapor phase are called single-focusing mass spectrometers, and use an electron-impact ion source.1 Figure 15.1 shows a diagram of this type of instrument. 

Figure A. 11 Schematic diagram of the system components for particEe analysis by mass spectrometry, (a) Interface with external aerosol. Panicles ate introduced from the exterior through an aerosol beam with associated skimmers into (b) volatilizing and Ionizing region. The arrival of each panicle at the detector location is sensed by a laser that energizes a more powerful laser which focuses on the incoming particle to generate tons that pass to the (c) mass spectrometer, which may be of various types including quadrupole or time-of-flight. (From Sinha el al. 1983.)...

FIGURE 9.2 Schematic diagram of electrospray ionization-ion trap-low-pressure ion mobility spectrometer-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ESI-IT-IMS-TOF). (From Henderson et al., ESI/ion trap/ion mobility/time-of-flight mass spectrometry for rapid and sensitive analysis of biomolecular mixtures, Anal. Chem. 1999,71,291. With permission.)... 

The Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry (RIMS) is a method to detect xenon and krypton with ultra high sensitivity using a laser technique [12] developed in collaboration with the University of Tokyo and Nagoya University. The block diagram of a RIMS system with a time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer is illustrated in Fig. 15. 

Figure 4.5. Schematic diagram of a triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer. (Reproduced from C. Dass, Principles and Practice of Biological Mass Spectrometry, Wiley-Interscience, 2001.)...

Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the FT-LMMS with an external ion source developed at the University of Antwerp. (Adapted from Van Vaeck L, Van Roy W, Struyf H, Adams F, and Caravatti P (1993) Development of a laser microprobe Fourier transform mass spectrometer with external ion source. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 323-331 Wiley.)...

Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the SCIEX linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Ion trapping can be wrought in either of Qc or Q3. The apparatus is based on the ion path in a TSQ mass spectrometer and the ion beam travels from left to right. Typical operating pressures are given. (Reproduced with permission from Hager JW (2002) A new linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6. 512-526. 2002, Wiley Sons Ltd.)...

Figure 6.3 Schematic diagram of the corona source [19]. Reprinted with permission from Carroll, D.I., Dzidic, L, Stillwell, R.N., Haegele, K.D., Horning, E. (1975) Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Corona Discharge Ion Source for Use in a Liquid Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer-Computer Analytical System. Anal. Chem. 47 2369-2373. Copyright (1975) American Chemical Society...

An important aspect of plasma mass spectrometry is the sampling interface. Ions are physically extracted from the plasma into a mass spectrometer which is required to be at extremely low pressure, so the sampling interface must be in direct contact with the plasma (usually an ICP). The problem of extracting ions from an extremely hot plasma at atmospheric pressure into a mass spectrometer at 10 Pa (10 atm) is overcome by making use of a series of differentially pumped vacuum chambers held at consecutively lower pressures. A schematic diagram of the ICP-MS... 

Electrochemical measurements can also be coupled with mass spectrometry. Figure 2.17 shows a schematic diagram of the apparatus for differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS). Here the chamber connected directly to the electrochemical cell and the mass spectrometer (MS) is pumped differentially by turbo pumps PA and PB. Electrolysis products are passed into the ionization chamber (i), analyzed in the quadrapole mass filter (ii), and detected with either a Faraday cup (iii) or electron multiplier (iv). Such DEMS measurements can be used in situ to identily electrolysis products. This may lead to an understanding of the electron-transfer reaction mechanism and optimization of the reaction process. 

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a double-focusing field ionization mass spectrometer of conventional geometry (not drawn to scale), showing the four regions in which field ionization kinetic measurements can be made. The stated times refer to an ion source with a blade emitter. Reproduced with permission of Wiley from Nibbering NMM (1984) Mechanistic studies by field ionization kinetics. Mass Spectrometry Reviews Z 445-477.

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