Dynamic range, mass spectrometry

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was applied to the analysis of six organotin compounds (chlorides of dimethyl-, dibutyl-, trimethyl-, tributyl-, diphenyl-, and triphenyltin). Detection hmits for the six organotins ranged from 24 to 51 pg as tin the dynamic range was over lO, from 1 pg/1 to 10 mg/1 (Inoue Kawabata, 1993). 

Cochran JK, Masque P (2003) Short-lived U/Th-series radionuclides in the ocean tracers for scavenging rates, export fluxes and particle dynamics. Rev Mineral Geochem 52 461-492 Cohen AS, O Nions RK (1991) Precise determination of femtogram quantities of radium by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 63 2705-2708 Cohen AS, Belshaw NS, O Nions RK (1992) High precision uranium, thorium, and radium isotope ratio measurements by high dynamic range thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Inti J Mass Spectrom Ion Processes 116 71-81... 

Zook, D.R. Bruins, A.P. On cluster ions, ion transmission, and linear dynamic range limitations in electrospray (ionspray) mass spectrometry. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 1997, 162, 129-147. 

Cations were determined by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HR-ICPMS), relatively new analytical instrumentation with a large dynamic range and detection limits (DLs) in the low (1-50) parts per trillion (ppt) for most elements. The exceedingly low DLs allow for recognition of elemental variations that are not possible with traditional analytical methods for water. 

The identification of these 123 compounds (see Table I) was made possible only by the synergistic application of several analytical techniques. For example, the very high concentrations of a few compounds in most of the samples (e.g., no. 6,10,46, 81), precluded identification of many of the minor components during GCMS analysis. This dynamic range problem was solved, at least qualitatively, by HPLC followed by mass spectrometry. 

Of all the analytical techniques inorganic mass spectrometry has occupied a favoured place for the characterization of initial materials including such multi-layered systems due to its specific properties, such as high sensitivity, low detection limit, high dynamic range and the capability to determine isotope ratios. 

At present, advanced mass spectrometric techniques have been successfully established among a multitude of quite different analytical methods as very powerful tools which are increasingly being employed for high tech research topics and for daily routine analyses in many laboratories worldwide. Numerous different applications in various fields of use, as demonstrated in the several chapters of this book, illustrate the excellent current capability of inorganic mass spectrometry in the multi-element determination of elements in a wide dynamic range (from % range for determination of stoichiometries, e.g., in layered materials, down to the extreme ultratrace level, e.g., in environmental research, speciation analysis and isotope ratio measurements). 

CBB provides a simple few-step method for protein visualization and offers detection of proteins down to 10 ng per spot (depending on gel thickness). New commercial colloidal CBB stains do provide a dynamic range of detection, with good compatibility with mass spectrometry for protein identification, but even these new dyes are not linear within the order of magnitude of protein levels found in the cell. 

T.-C. L. Wang, T. L. Ricca, and A. G. Marshall, "Extension of Dynamic Range in Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry via Stored Waveform Inverse Fourier Transform Excitation," Anal. Chem., IS, 2935-2938. 

Shi G (2003) Application of co-eluting structural analog internal standards for expanded linear dynamic range in liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 17 202-206... 

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