Mass parameters that influence

Minimizing the cycle time in filament wound composites can be critical to the economic success of the process. The process parameters that influence the cycle time are winding speed, molding temperature and polymer formulation. To optimize the process, a finite element analysis (FEA) was used to characterize the effect of each process parameter on the cycle time. The FEA simultaneously solved equations of mass and energy which were coupled through the temperature and conversion dependent reaction rate. The rate expression accounting for polymer cure rate was derived from a mechanistic kinetic model. 

Diffusion in the macro-pores of a formed parhcle is generally speaking a very important mechanism. If we speak in terms of resistances to mass transfer macropore resistance is often the largest of the resistances to mass transfer. For transport in the macro-pores we must introduce two parameters that influence the transport. 

Most of the parameters that influence the rates of mass transfer and chemical reaction, and therefore the efficiency of the system, have already been discussed in Chapter B 3, however, in addition to the resistances to mass transfer found in gas/water systems, two more resistances can be found in three-phase systems ... 

To carry out the experiments in a meaningful and systematic way, it will be necessary, first, to consider one of the parameters as a variable while keeping the others constant and then to measure the corresponding pressure drop. The same type of experiment is carried out for the measurement of the heat transfer coefficient. Contrary to the mass transport pressure drop, which could be measured directly, the heat transfer coefficient is obtained indirectly by measuring the temperature of the wall and of the fluid at the entrance and exit of the pipe. The determination of the functional relationship between Ap/1, a and the various parameters that influence the process is illustrated in Fig. 6.1. 

Other parameters that influence extraction efficiency are time, pressure, and microwave radiation power (closely linked to the temperature of the process) as well as pH and sample mass. All the established parameters are dependent on the kind of sample and its moisture content. In many applications, the efficiency of the extraction process carried out under identical conditions differs significantly for various sample kinds. Therefore, individual adaptation of the procedure is an essential prerequisite for analysis of new materials. 

Here k is the external mass-transfer coefficient, ( ) is the humidity-potential coefficient (corrects for the humidity not being a strictly true representation of the driving force close to unity most of the time), Ytv is the humidity above a fully wetted surface, and Yq is the bulk-gas humidity. Equation (12-52) has been used extensively as the basis for understanding the behavior of industrial drying plants owing to its simplicity and the separation of the parameters that influence the drying process the material itself /, the design of the dryer k, and the process conditions (j) (yw - Tc)/. 

LeBlanc, J.C.Y. Liu, C.C. Covey, T. Kovarik, P. Thompson, C. Javahari, H. Jong, R. Ion Suppression Parameters That Influence the Ionization Efflciency in APCI-LC/MS/MS, in Proceedings ofthe 49th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Chicago, IL, May 27-31, 2001. 

In essence, Sh, a and 0 are the inportant membrane-fluid and facilitation parameters that influence the mass transfer of the solute from the fluid side to the dialyzate fluid. 

Because a latex polymer is insoluble in water, the factors affecting the viscosity of latexes differ significantly from polymers dissolved in solvents. Since the aqueous continuous phase interacts with the polymer only at the surface of the latex particle, the molecular stracture of the polymer does not have the effect that it would if the polymer were dissolved in the liquid. The molar mass and polymer backbone flexibility, in particular, have no direct effect on the viscosity of the latex. The principal latex parameter that influences latex viscosity is of course... 

The parameters that influence the dimensional stability of plastic parts include mass distributions, grain structure, reirtforcing materials, processing conditions, moisture content (swelling) and temperature variations during operation. 

As the triggering process of CHF in flow boiling is very complex, CHF predictions rely heavily on empirical correlations based on dimensionless numbers derived from experimental CHF databases. These dimensionless numbers include parameters that influence the CHF values measured, such as mass velocity, subcooling at the channel inlet, fluid properties, heated length and the diameter of the channel. Due to differences in the apparent mechanisms, correlations are normally separately proposed for CHF under subcooled and under saturated conditions. Most of these correlations were developed based on databases for water and macroscale charmels because the majority of studies on CHF focused mainly on nuclear applications. Recently, this scenario has been changing because of the necessity to dissipate high power densities in microprocessors and power electronics and data for a wider variety of fluids are now appearing in the literature. 

Physical Mechanisms and Parameters Important for Determining Source Terms and Outcomes of Hazardous Material Releases. The total mass of the release and its rate of release are probably the most important parameters that influence the hazard zone associated with a release. 

Perhaps the two most important parameters that influence the final grain structure of a vapor-deposited film for a given material system are substrate temperature Tg and growth flux R. The growth flux is a quantity that represents the mass or volume flow rate onto the growth surface, and it is closely related to the degree of supersaturation of the vapor. The flux of film material onto the growth surface can be estimated by appeal to... 

The concentration of reactant A at the external surface of the catalyst particle is very close to zero. Moreover, Eqn. (9-45) shows that the rate of reaction does not depend on either the rate constant (ky) or the effective diffusion coefficient (f)A,eff). The only rate or transport parameter that influences the reaction rate is the external mass-transfer coefficient, kc-For this situation, the reaction is said to be controlled by external mass tranter. The concentration profile of reactant A is shown in Figure 9-13. 

M. Moser, 2006. Important parameters that influence the result in mass-finishing. In Proceedings of the Santa Fe Symposium on Jewelry Manufacturing Technology, ed. E. BeU, 377-386. Albuquerque, NM Met-Chem Research. 

Typical mass resolution values measured on the LIMA 2A range from 250 to 750 at a mass-to-charge ratio M/ Z= 100. The parameter that appears to have the most influence on the measured mass resolving power is the duration of the ionization event, which may be longer than the duration of the laser pulse (5—10 ns), along with probable time broadening effects associated with the l6-ns time resolution of the transient recorder. ... 

The efficiency of extraction is mainly dependent on temperature as it influences physical properties of the sample and its interaction with the liquid phase. The extraction is influenced by the surface tension of the solvent and its penetration into the sample (i.e. its viscosity) and by the diffusion rate and solubility of the analytes all parameters that are normally improved by a temperature increase. High temperature increases the rate of extraction. Lou et al. [122] studied the kinetics of mass transfer in PFE of polymeric samples considering that the extraction process in PFE consists of three steps ... 

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