Market borrowers

Greater market liquidity lowers the cost of raising funds for capital market borrowers. 

Repo reduces counterparty risk in money market borrowing and lending, because of the security offered by the collateral given in the loan. 

FRNs can have additional features, such as flbors, which specify minimum levels below which the coupon cannot fall caps, which specify maximum rates and calls, which specify possible redemption dates before maturity. Perpetual FRNs also exist. As in other markets, borrowers frequently issue floating notes with specific, even esoteric, terms to meet particular requirements or customer demands. For example. Citibank issued a series of U.S. dollar—denominated FRNs indexed to the Euribor rate and another set of notes whose day count was linked to a specified LIBOR range. 

Nevertheless Indonesian, as an identity and a language, retained many of the open and inclusive features which had marked the low Malay or market Malay creole of the Chinese. As a second language for most Indonesians, it was owned by nobody, and continued throughout the twentieth century to borrow relatively liberally from European, Sanskrit and Javanese lexicons. It could not become identified predominately... 

In addition to uncertainty about future prices, this would inject into the phase II market uncertainties about the terms of borrowing from future periods that do not yet exist, against allocations that are not yet defined, with no legal clarity around penalties for non-compliance in future periods, and with much scope for lobbying future allocations based upon the size of the debt accumulated. 

ESOP Stock Plan (Employees Stock Ownership Plank This type of plan is in wide use. Typically, the plan borrows money from a bank and uses those funds to purchase a large block of the corporation s stock. The corporation makes contributions to the plan over a period of time, and the stock purchase loan is eventually paid off. The value of the plan grows significantly as long as the market price of the stock holds up. Qualified employees are allocated a share of the plan based on their length of service and... 

For a discussion of the relative costs involved in the different markets, see Steven Pearlstein Jerry Knight, Banks Lose Out Ts Depositors Go Elsewhere Many Options Available for Saving, Borrowing, Investing, Wash. Post, Aug. 22, 1993, at Al Mitchell A. Post, The Evolution of The U.S. Commercial Paper Market Since 1980, 78 Fed. Res. Bull. 879 (1992). Capital market rates are usually lower because the large number of investors, as well as the free transferability of the securities, act as inherent risk spreaders. 

Zinsser market automated resin dispensers that employ powder dispensing technology borrowed from the pharmaceutical industry. As a stand-alone device (REDI) or integrated in a standard pipetting robot (LIFOS, Eig. 13), a vacuum pipette with adjustable tips is used that is available in various sizes. Typical reproducibility is specified at 2 % for 50 mg and 1 % for 150 mg of support With one tip, resin can be dispensed, for example, into the 96 wells of a microtiter plate within about 15 min. 

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