Marine coatings fouling

A further important application of these pigments is in paints. The natural red iron oxides are also used in primers for steel structures and cars, for marine coatings and for anti-fouling paints. In the USA, the metallic browns are used for these purposes. The level of soluble salts in the latter pigments is low and this reduces corrosion problems. The metallic browns are also used in heat resistant enamels. 

These epoxies are extremely low in water absorption and show good resistance to biological fouling. Thus, they are suitable for marine coating and underwater composites (78), in addition to being water-resistant adhesives. 

Baier, R. E. and Meyer, A. E. Surface Analysis of Fouling-Resistant Marine Coatings, Biofouling, Vol. 5, pp 165-180,... 

The other example, a polymer-bound fungicide, is found in the copolymerization of pentachlorophenyl acrylate with vinyl acetate and ethyl acrylate. This pentachlorophenol-based product could have use as an anti-fouling agent in marine coatings. In this case it was necessary to copolymerize with ethyl acrylate. The homopolymer was found to be too hydrophobic to allow decomposition of the polymer and allow release of the active agent in sufficiently high concentrations to have the appropriate biocide effect. 

D 4939-89 Test Method for Subjecting Marine Anti-Fouling Coating to Biofouling and Fluid Shear Forces in Natural Seawater. 

Prevent fouling of marine coatings by algae, barnacles, tubeworms, mussels, hydroids, tunicates and bryozoans. 

M. R. Detty, M. D. Drake, Y. Tang and F. V. Bright, Hybrid antifouling coating compositions and methods for preventing the fouling of surfaces subjected to a marine environment, US Pat., 1 244 295 B2, 2007. 

Anderson, C., Atlar, M., Callow, M., Candries, M., Milne, A., Townsin, R.L. The development of foul-release coatings for seagoing vessels. Journal of Marine Design and Operations, December issue (2003), 11-23. 

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