Marginal operator

State-of-the-Ahi Control. Computer control using feed-forward capabiUty can save 2—20% of a unit s utiUties by reducing the margin of safety (5). Unless the discipline of a controller forces the reduction of the safety margin, operators typically opt for increased safety. Operators are probably correct to do so when a proper set of analy2ers and controllers has not been provided and maintained. 

This situation provided the opportunity for the decision maker to consider many other factors when the control decision was made. The predominant factors driving the control decision were judgmental and unquantifiable. They included the essentiality of the disinfection process in the control of waterborne disease (which is a large risk), the desire to optimize drinking water quality so as to avoid unnecessary risks, and the consideration of the unique compliance problems of small underfinanced and marginally operated water systems. Ultimately, the decision was driven by the feasibility and costs of treatment process improvements. 

Contribution margin (operating profit + R D as a percent of sales)b Varied 33%-40% (400/. in 1980s) + 4% adjustment for depreciation. 45% (excludes depreciation and interest on working capital). ... 

Variations in experimental conditions should be kept within limits that can be tolerated by the product, and should be such as can be carried through on a plant scale. Experimental changes in pH, temperature, and other conditions should be made in small steps inasmuch as the optimum benefit is often found within only a narrow range. Even small benefits are not to be ignored because the cumulative effect of several beneficial conditions can convert a marginal operation into full success. Even attainment of a marginal operation may be justified if it outdistances other methods of purification. 

If we take a three chain system, the corresponding effective Hamiltonian will involve only the three chain term but no four chain interaction of Eq. (76). There is now the possibility of a disorder induced multicritical behavior. The four chain attractive interaction is marginal at d = 1 and so is the three chain interaction. The presence of these two marginal operators (at d = 1) however remain decoupled mainly because for directed polymers, higher order interactions (order = number of chains involved) do not renormalize lower order interactions. This has already been seen in the overlap problem for the random medium case in Sec. 6. Therefore the resulting renormalization of the two new couplings are independent of each other, and, in fact they are the same by virtue of the nature of the interaction. Because of the four body interaction, we expect a disorder induced criticality as for the two chain quenched case, but here this happens for a real four chain system - no replica is involved. 

Maximum Nxmiber of Rods Under One Actuator Minimum Shutdown Margin-operating Minimum Shutdown Margin-accident ... 

Safety margins, operational capabilities, flight crew workload, any non-modifiable software components, protection mechanisms, and software boundaries. 

Operating profit margin = Operating profit (EBIT)/Sales revenue... 

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