Mapping distance

Son, W.J., Jang, S., Shin, S. A simple method of estimating sampling consistency based on free energy map distance. J. Mol. Graph. Model. 2008, 27, 321-5. 

In the Floridan aquifer, traces of gypsum are present in the carbonate rock. The high calcium concentration from gypsum dissolution exceeds its value at saturation with calcite, leading to precipitation of the carbonate and the production of additional CO2 (reaction 8). Concurrently, anaerobic decay of buried organic matter (reaction 3) and sulfate reduction (reaction 6) take place. The combination of these processes has caused an increase in the CO2 pressure of the groundwater from 10" bar in the recharge zone to 10" bar downdip as the pH decreases from 8.0 to 7.4 over a map distance of 115 km (Fig. 5.3) (cf. Back and Hanshaw 1970 Plummer et al. 1983). 

D and/or 3D Clustering/partitioning Mapping Distance functions Machine learning... 

Fio. 3. Gene-enzyme relationships in the tryptophan pathway of bacteria. The gene designated by a question mark represents a possible location (inferred from mapping distances) of the gene coding for the smaller protein component of AS in P. putida. The gene has not yet been identified by a specific mutational defect. Dashed lines represent relationships whose existence are still in question. See the text for further explanations. 

FIGURE 2 Location map (distance units in feet) of 180 samples, histogram of lead concentration, variogram of the normal scores transform (hence the sill value of 1.0), a map of kriging estimates on a 100-ft grid and an SGS realization over the same domain. 

In this chapter I focus on structural features of metal-nucleotide binding to enzymes and also on other metal-phosphate complexes with individual enzymes. The appropriate theoretical consideration for the NMR and EPR experiments is discussed in each section. The first problem, which has been addressed for several different enzymes, is whether enzymes have a preference for certain stereoisomers of metal-nucleotides. This is fundamentally a structural problem and can be answered by preparation of individual stereoisomers, followed by binding and kinetic studies to detect the preference of an enzyme for one isomer over another. Qeland (1982) has compiled a list of current studies dealing with this question. Other complementary structural problems that can be addressed through the use of these nucleotide complexes is to use them to map distances between the nucleotide site and other substrate or metal-ion sites on enzymes. This is possible because Cr(lll) complexes are paramagnetic, whereas Co(lII) complexes are diamagnetic. Both types of complexes can be used for distance determinations, and each appUcation is discussed. 

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