Manganese substituted calcium

Manganese-Substituted Calcium Hydrazine Carboxylate Hydrate... 

Calcium and particularly magnesium show excessive vapor pressure at steelmaking temperatures. Table I, but this alloyability problem has been somewhat alleviated bj - submerging the introduction of the calcium alloy under 3 meters of liquid steel (31) However, independently of vapor pressure, it is the low solubility of calcium in liquid iron which limits the effective substitution of >feiS by CaS to extremely low sulfur levels, particiilarly when the manganese content is high, 2% for example (32). 

Dissolution of carbonate minerals has the potential to raise the pH of the pore water to near neutral. Dissolution of carbonate minerals releases calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, and other cations that are present as solid-solution substitutions or as impurities, and increases the alkalinity of the water. At many sites, the mass of carbonate minerals contained in the mine wastes exceeds that of the sulfide minerals, and... 

Dimethyl H-phosphonate reacts with calcium dichloride at 70 °C, with manganese acetate at 112 °C, and with calcium nitrate at 115 °C. Kinetic investigations [304] have shown that the reaction takes place as a bimolecular substitution of the second order. There is no difference in the reaction rate of the substitution of both alkyl groups. In general, it decreases with increase in the length of the carbon chain in the alkoxy group. 

Cd " and Mn may also be substrates for ion efflux mechanisms such as the Na-Ca exchanger (Frame and Milanick 1991). It has long been appreciated that a number of metals, and in particular and Mn ", inhibit this exchanger (Philipson 1985). Recent studies by Frame and Milanick (1991) demonstrate that this inhibition is competitive, and that these metals are in fact transported as substitutes for Ca. The for Ca, Cd ", and Mn uptake by ferret red blood cells is roughly similar, —10//M, as is the (Frame and Milanick 1991), indicating that the transport properties of cadmium and manganese are similar to those of calcium in this system. 

Ethanol is also considered a VOC, and literature reported its total oxidation over Lai ,Ca j,Mn03 perovskites prepared by the citrate method [49]. Pure unsubstituted perovskite phases, LaMnOs, presented a certain amount of Mn and cationic vacancies, which is generally called oxidative nonstoichiometry. The electronic unbalance yield by the partial substitution of lanthanum by calcium caused an oxidation state increase of part of the manganese occupying the B sites of the structure. Concurrently, the amount of cationic vacancies decreased with the increase of calcium amount. In spite of these differences, the catalytic activity in the combustion of ethanol showed no evident differences with the value of X and the total oxidation was achieved on all the compositions at temperatures below 220 °C. 

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