Reduction manganese

K. Posta, H. Mar.schner, and V. Romheld, Manganese reduction in the rhizosphere of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal maize, Mycorrhiza 5 119 (1994). 

Myers CR, Myers JM (1993) Ferric reductase is associated with the membranes of anaerobically grown Shewanellaputrefaciens MR-1. FEMS Microbio Lett 108 15-22 Myers CR, Nealson KH (1988) Bacterial manganese reduction and growth with manganese oxide as the sole electron acceptor. Science 240 1319-1321... 

Step 6 To ensure that the same numbers of electrons appear in both half-reactions, multiply the manganese reduction half-reaction by 2 ... 

Burdige, D.J., and Nealson, K.H. (1986) Chemical and microbiological studies of sulfide-mediated manganese reduction. Geomicrobiol. J. 4, 361-387. 

Canfield, D.E., Thamdrup, B., and Hansen, J.W. (1993) The anaerobic degradation of organic matter in Danish coastal sediments iron reduction, manganese reduction, and sulfate reduction. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57, 3867-3883. 

Hulth, S., Aller, R.C., and Gilbert, F. (1999) Coupled anoxic nitrification/manganese reduction in marine sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 63, 49-66. 

Aguilar, C. and Nealson, K.H., Manganese reduction in Oneida Lake, New York Estimates of spatial and temporal manganese flux, Can. J. Fisheries Aquatic Sci., 51, 185, 1994. 

Anoxic NH3 oxidation, whether it results directly in N2 formation (as in anammox) or in NOs production (when linked to manganese reduction), would introduce new links into the aquatic and sediment N cycle. Failure to account for anoxic NH3 oxidation might lead to an underestimate of NH4+ removal, because the products do not accumulate they are either lost to the atmosphere immediately, or rapidly reduced by the next step in the anaerobic cychng of organic matter. 

Okita P. M., Maynard J. B., Spiker E. C., and Force E. R. (1988) Isotopic evidence for organic matter oxidation by manganese reduction in the formation of stratiform manganese carbonate ore. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52, 2679-2685. 

Burdige D. J., Dhakar S. P., and Nealson K. H. (1992) Effects of manganese oxide mineralogy on microbial and chemical manganese reduction. Geomicrobiol. J. 10, 27-48. 

Joye S. B., Mazzotta M. L., and HoUibaugh J. T. (1996) Community metabohsm in microbial mats the occurrence of biologically-mediated iron and manganese reduction. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 43, 747-766. 

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