Manganese bacterial reduction

Biooxidation by cometabolization with methane or ammonium Removal by ferrous or manganese ions produced by bacterial reduction of Fe(III) and Mn(IV)... 

Myers CR, Myers JM (1993) Ferric reductase is associated with the membranes of anaerobically grown Shewanellaputrefaciens MR-1. FEMS Microbio Lett 108 15-22 Myers CR, Nealson KH (1988) Bacterial manganese reduction and growth with manganese oxide as the sole electron acceptor. Science 240 1319-1321... 

These processes are catalyzed by bacteria and probably involve both inorganic and organic iron and manganese species (22). They may also be strongly controlled by microbial competition between Fe(III) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (27). Associated with these reduction reactions is the reduction of residual sulfate (produced in the oxic zone by bacterially catalyzed reactions) similar to eq 7 (21). 

Thamdrup, B. (2000) Bacterial manganese and iron reduction in aquatic sediments. In Advances in Microbial Ecology (Schink, B., ed.), vol. 16, pp. 86-103, Kluwer Academic, New York. 

VI. Fate of copper, nickel, cobalt and iron during bacterial and chemical reduction of the manganese(rV). Zeitschrift fit Allgemeine Mikrobiologie, 13, 39 8. 

Thamdrup B., Finster K., Hansen J. W., and Bak F. (1993) Bacterial disproportionation of elemental sulfur coupled to chemical reduction of iron or manganese. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59, 101-108. 

Ehrlich, H.L., 1971. Bacteriology of manganese nodules. V. Effect of hydrostatic pressure on bacterial oxidation on Mn(II) and reduction of Mn02. Appl. Microbiol., 21 306— 310. 

Ehrlich, H.L., Yang, S.H. and Mainwaring, J.D., Jr., 1973. Bacteriology of manganese nodules. VI. Fate of copper, nickel, cobalt, and iron during bacterial and chemical reduction of the manganese (IV). Z. Allg. Mikrobiol., 13 39—48. 

After iron oxides and manganese oxides have been consumed, bacterial respiration can continue through the use of an even less energetically favorable oxidant, sulfate (SOJ-). The process of sulfate reduction proceeds as follows ... 

Among the metal oxidation and reduction reactions that occur in the environment, the most intensely studied enzyme-catal5fzed reaction is the oxidation of divalent manganese. Bacteria and bacterial spores that carry out this function have been isolated from natural waters. These microbes are believed to produce proteins that enhance the rate, but the actual substances and the biochemical mechanism responsible for the reaction are not well characterized. 

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