Manganese elemental

Manganese fume, as manganese Manganese cyclopentadienyl tricaibonyl, as manganese (skin) Manganese tettoxide Manganese, elemental and... 

Element No 43 they named masurium after the region of Masuria in the German province of Eastern Prussia (now Mazury in Poland), from where Walter Noddack originated. Rhenium they named after the river Rhine and the home region of Ida Tacke. The rhenium discovery could be verified, but not the masurium discovery. No evidence of masurium was given besides the three X-ray lines in Table 28.2. Was masurium the final erroneous conclusion in the dramatic story of the discovery of eka-manganese, element 43 ... 

By reference to the outline periodic table shown on p. (i) we see that the metals and non-metals occupy fairly distinct regions of the table. The metals can be further sub-divided into (a) soft metals, which are easily deformed and commonly used in moulding, for example, aluminium, lead, mercury, (b) the engineering metals, for example iron, manganese and chromium, many of which are transition elements, and (c) the light metals which have low densities and are found in Groups lA and IIA. 

Uncombined elements are all given zero oxidation state. Consider (a) manganese in the permanganate ion, MnO there are four... 

We may note (a) the common occurrence of oxidation state +2 where the 4s electrons have been formally lost, (b) the increase in the number of oxidation states from scandium to manganese in the latter element, the oxidation state + 7 corresponds to the formal loss of the and 3d electrons, (c) the sharp decrease in the number of oxidation states after manganese—suggesting that removal of the paired id electrons is less easy (d) the oxidation state 0, occurring for many of the later elements in the series. ... 

Although its electrical conductivity is only about 60% that of copper, it is used in electrical transmission lines because of its light weight. Pure aluminum is soft and lacks strength, but it can be alloyed with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, and other elements to impart a variety of useful properties. 

Manganese minerals are widely distributed oxides, silicates, and carbonates are the most common. The discovery of large quantities of manganese nodules on the floor of the oceans may become a source of manganese. These nodules contain about 24% manganese together with many other elements in lesser abundance. 

Manganese is widely distributed throughout the animal kingdom. It is an important trace element and may be essential for utilization of vitamin Bl. 

Exposure to manganese dusts, fume, and compounds should not exceed the ceiling value of 5 mg/ms for even short periods because of the element s toxicity level. 

Chemical ingenuity in using the properties of the elements and their compounds has allowed analyses to be carried out by processes analogous to the generation of hydrides. Osmium tetroxide is very volatile and can be formed easily by oxidation of osmium compounds. Some metals form volatile acetylacetonates (acac), such as iron, zinc, cobalt, chromium, and manganese (Figure 15.4). Iodides can be oxidized easily to iodine (another volatile element in itself), and carbonates or bicarbonates can be examined as COj after reaction with acid. 

Cobalt, copper, molybdenum, iodine, iron, manganese, nickel, selenium, and zinc are sometimes provided to mminants. Mineral deficiency or toxicity in sheep, especially copper and selenium, is a common example of dietary mineral imbalance (21). Other elements may be required for optimal mminant performance (22). ExceUent reviews of trace elements are available (5,22). 

Micronutrients. Attention to meeting the micronutrient needs of crops has greatiy increased as evidenced in an analysis undertaken by TVA and the Soil Science Society in 1972 (99). The micronutrient elements most often found wanting in soil—crop situations are boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc. Some of these essential micronutrients can be harmful to plants when used in excess. 

Germanium tetrachloride refined for use in making optical fibers is usually specified to contain less than 0.5 to 5 ppb of each of eight impurities vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc. Limits are sometimes specified for a few other elements. Also of concern are hydrogen-bearing impurities therefore, maximum limits of 5 to 10 ppm are usually placed on HCl, OH, CH2, and CH contents. 

Equations 17—20 result from contact between hot metal and slag, and the sulfur and carbon come dissolved in the hot metal. Likewise, the manganese, siUcon, and phosphoms which are produced are dissolved into the hot metal. The heats of solution for these elements in some cases depend on concentration, and are not included in the heats of reaction Hsted above. The ratio of the concentration of the oxide (or element for sulfur) in the slag to the concentration of the element in the hot metal is the partition ratio, and is primarily a function of slag chemistry and temperature. 

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