Manganese degradation

Iron is added in small (usually 0.5—1.0 wt %) amounts to increase strength. More importantly, iron additions also enhance corrosion resistance, especially when precautions are taken to retain the iron in solution. Precipitation of the iron—nickel-rich phase does not result in strengthening and can cause degradation of corrosion resistance (47). A small (up to 1.0 wt %) amount of manganese is usually added to both react with sulfur and deoxidi2e the melt. These copper alloys are most commonly applied where corrosion resistance is paramount, as in condenser tube or heat exchangers. 

The aerobic and anaerobic degradation of acetone is initiated by carboxylation to acetoac-etate. The involvement of manganese has been examined in photoheterotrophically grown Rhodobacter capsulatus strain BIO and the presence of Mn verified from the X-band EPR spectrum (Boyd et al. 2004). 

Bonnarme P, TW Jeffries (1990) Mn(ll) regulation of lignin peroxidases and manganese-dependent peroxidases from lignin-degrading white-rot fungi. Appl Environ Microbiol 56 210-217. 

In most of the above illustrations, quinones have been formed and they may be terminal metabolites or only transient intermediates that are produced, for example, during mineralization by the basiomycete Stropharia coronillla (Steffen et al. 2003). Degradation was stimulated by addition of Mn +, and conld be attributed to elevated levels of the lignolytic manganese peroxidase. Experiments with Ph. laevis strain HHB-1625 have revealed some additional features (Bogan and Lamar 1996) ... 

Steffen KT, A Hatakka, M Hofrichter (2003) Degradation of benzo[a]pyrene by the litter-decomposing basid-iomycete Stropharia coronilla role of manganese peroxidase. Appl Environ Microbiol 69 3957-3963. 

The degradation of chlorinated phenols has been examined with the white-rot basidiomy-cete Phanerochaete chrysosporium under conditions of nitrogen limitation, and apparently involves both lignin peroxidase and manganese-dependent peroxidase activities (Valli and Gold 1991). 

Now the possible explanation for the greater degradation of phenol by the cerium doped copper crystals than those of either cobalt or manganese ions could... 

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