Malnutrition prevalence

We needed to keep careful track of the development of the 134 survivors for comparison with those exposed while fetuses. At that time we had not yet confirmed that the risk of radiation damage is even greater for the fetus than for children after birth. Nor had we devised research techniques that would allow us to differentiate between defects caused by radiation of the fetus and defects caused by the trauma of the bomb or such other factors as infection and the malnutrition prevalent in Japan during and immediately after the war. 

Fiaccadori E, Lombardi M, Leonard S, et al. Prevalence and clinical outcome associated with preexisting malnutrition in acute renal failure a prospective cohort study. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999 10 581-591. 

Signs and symptoms associated with CKD become more prevalent in Stages 3,4, and 5. Anemia, abnormalities of calcium and phosphorus metabolism (and therefore secondary hyperparathyroidism), malnutrition, and fluid and electrolyte abnormalities become more common as kidney function deteriorates (see Chap. 44). 

Bipolar disorder has a lifetime prevalence of approximately 1%. During pregnancy, untreated bipolar disorder may result in hospitalization, suicidal ideation, violence, loss of employment, malnutrition, and an increased risk of postpartum psychosis. It does not appear that pregnancy provides protection for the risk of recurrence of symptoms. Women who discontinue the use of mood stabilizing drugs abruptly before conception or who have had four or more episodes of recurrence of symptoms have a substantial risk for recurrence during pregnancy. Risk for recurrence in the first 3 to 6 months postpartum has been estimated at 20% up to 80%. Postpartum psychosis may occur in 10% to 20% of women with bipolar disorder. 

Malnutrition is associated most commonly with exacerbations of chronic disease and acute illness and thus is prevalent in the hospital setting. Recognition of the scope of the problem coincides with the... 

The increased awareness of the prevalence and significance of untreated protein-calorie malnutrition has provided a strong incentive for a more rigorous evaluation of abnormalities of nutrition status and prompt initiation of nutrition support for malnourished patients. 

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