Maleic anhydride-vinyl ether structure

In a number of cases, the block used with the PDMS is sufficiently polar to give an amphiphilic block copolymer. Such materials form interesting structures in polar or nonpolar solvents. In the first case, the polar chains act like a corona around the nonpolar core, and in the latter, the nonpolar chains are a corona around the polar core. Examples include blocks of poly(ethylene oxide), acrylamides, sugars, glucono-lactone, hydrolysable siloxanes, and maleic anhydride—vinyl ethyl ethers. ... 

Two examples of diene addition products have been claimed in the literature. Structures 141 and 142 were considered for a 1 1 adduct of anthranil and maleic anhydride, and since 3-phenylanthranil did not react analogously, structure 141 was preferred.271 Also, anthranil and jV-phenylmaleimide have been reported to give compound 143, which with alkali is hydrolyzed and dehydrated to give acridinic acid.272 Attempts to form Diels-Adler adducts between 3-benzoylanthranil and maleic anhydride or n-butyl vinyl ether met with no success.165... 

Palit, 1954), didodecyldimethylammonium halides, and di(2-ethylhexyl)ammo-nium halides. Since many POE nonionics are soluble in aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, structural limitations on the use of these materials for this purpose are not as restrictive as in the case of ionics. Polyanionic soaps made by copolymerization of maleic anhydride and dodecyl (or octadecyl) vinyl ether followed by treatment with morpholine have been used to solubilize water into nonaqueous solvents (Ito, 1964). 

Polymers for use in 193 nm lithography are co-, ter-, and tetra-polymers of 1) methacrylates, 2) norbornenes, 3) norbornene-maleic anhydride, 4) nor-bornene-sulfur dioxide, and 5) vinyl ether-maleic anhydride (Fig. 39). While 1), 3), 4), and 5) are prepared by radical polymerization, all-norbornene polymers 2) are synthesized by transition-metal-mediated addition polymerization [166-168].Norbornenes (Fig.40) are sluggish to undergo radical [168,169] and cationic [170] polymerizations. Their ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP, Fig. 40) [ 171 ] has never produced worthy resist polymers. The C=C double bonds introduced in the ROMP polymer backbone must be hydrogenated to reduce the 193 nm absorption and the ROMP polymers tend to have low Tg. However, the major problem for the ROMP polymers was their unacceptable swelling in aqueous base development. While polymethacrylate systems contain etch-resistant alicyclic structures in the ester side chain, norbornene-based systems carry the alicyclic unit in the backbone. Essentially all the 193 nm re-... 

Figure 4.24 Chemical structure of poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride) (PVM/MA, or Gantrez AN).

Polyrn rS. Polymeric monolayers are formed either by spreading preformed polymers or by polymerizing reactive monomers on the water surface. A large variety of preformed polymers has been studied, including polyacrylates and polymethacrylates, poly(vinyl butyral), poly(vinyl methyl ether), poly(vinyl acetate), poly(vinyl fiuoride), poly(vinylidene fluoride), (12), silicone copolymers, maleic anhydride copolymers, and polypeptides (1). Monomers that have been successfully polymerized at the air-water interface include derivatives of aniline (13), vinyl alcohol (14), and styrene (15). In addition to the interesting chemistry and the two-dimensional structural control, polymer LB Aims are much more robust than films formed from straight-chain amphiphiles. 

The copolymers obtained by radical copolymerization of maleic anhydride (MA) with acrylic or vinyl comonomers, and the maleic add copolymers, generally obtained by the hydrolysis of the maleic anhydride copolymers (Figure 10.1), can be called maleic copolymers. They were intensively studied from a theoretical perspective, but also for their applications [1-3]. Copolymers ofMA with electron-donating comonomers, such as styrene, vinyl acetate, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, and methyl vinyl ether, have an alternant structure [ 1 ], but when MA is copolymerized with electron-acceptor comonomers like methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, statistic copolymers are obtained [1,2]. MA units from the copolymers are very reactive active agents with amine or hydroxyl groups... 

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