Magnetization, spontaneous Moment, magnetic, atomic

This model qualitatively accounts for most of the apparently conflicting properties of metallic ferromagnets. The difference in occupancy between spin-up and spin-down half-bands leads to a spontaneous, localised magnetic moment per atom the filling process usually results in a... 

Ferromagnetic substances are characterized by a spontaneous magnetic moment even in the absence of a magnetic field. In the mean field approximation, each magnetic atom experiences a field proportional to the magnetization (exchange field) a... 

The electrical behavior of a material is dependent on the outermost electrons, which may be localized at specific atomic sites or may be collective. Since localized electrons may carry a spontaneous moment, there is a strong correlation between the electrical and magnetic properties of perovskites. Rare earth perovskites with transition metal ions show widely differing electrical properties. For example, LaNiOs, which contains Ni in the low spin state Ni , and LaTiOs exhibit collective d-electron behavior, showing a metallic conductivity and Pauli paramagnetism (Goodenough and Raccah, 1965 Ganguly and Rao, 1973). 

Five oxidation states of iron, II-VI, are accessible in oxides. The principal oxidation states are II-IV these all carry spontaneous atomic magnetic moments in oxides the mixed-valence states of particular interest are associated with III/II and IV/III couples on crystallographically equivalent sites. The low-temperature disproportionation reaction 2 Fe — Fe Fe " in CaFe03 is also of fundamental theoretical interest. 

Ferromagnetism arises due to spontaneous alignment of magnetic moments of ions or atoms in the same direction. 

Abstract. Muonium is a hydrogen-like system which in many respects may be viewed as an ideal atom. Due to the close confinement of the bound state of the two pointlike leptons it can serve as a test object for Quantum Electrodynamics. The nature of the muon as a heavy copy of the electron can be verified. Furthermore, searches for additional, yet unknown interactions between leptons can be carried out. Recently completed experimental projects cover the ground state hyperfine structure, the ls-2s energy interval, a search for spontaneous conversion of muonium into antimuonium and a test of CPT and Lorentz invariance. Precision experiments allow the extraction of accurate values for the electromagnetic fine structure constant, the muon magnetic moment and the muon mass. Most stringent limits on speculative models beyond the standard theory have been set. 

Fig. 8. Induced, spin-originated atomic moment in the presence of a magnetic field // at T = 0°K. At higher temperatures electrons near Fermi level spread out. Internal magnetic fields induce spontaneous magnetization. External fields induce weak (Pauli) paramagnetism. If Ef(0) < EQ null or Ef(P) > Et — hbH, atomic moments are saturated.

As we can see, the tendency for the spontaneous formation of a spin magnetic moment reduces with increasing coordination number Nc. Nevertheless, there is still a finite moment in the limit of complete coverage of the Ag (001) surface. For Os, on the other hand, the spin magnetic moment found for small clusters depends strongly on the atomic configuration and collapses upon growing due to the increased hybridization. 

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