Magnetic moments of atoms

On account of the quenching of the orbital mechanical and magnetic moment of atoms on bond formation, all electron-pair-bond complexes are to he represented as 27 states. 

Table II. Observed Magnetic Moments of Atoms of Transition Elements in Crystals1).

The lines in an EPR spectrum can be split by interaction of the electron spin with the nuclear magnetic moment of atoms on which the unpaired electron is located (Parish, 1990). Only atoms with nuclear spin (I) nonzero exhibit this type of interaction, which can be of two types (1) contact interaction that is isotropic and results from the delocalization of the unpaired electron onto the nucleus and (2) dipolar interaction between electron spin and the nucleus. In the second case, the interaction is dependent on orientation and, therefore, anisotropic (Campbell and Dwek, 1984). 

Apart from the assumed quantization of orbital angular momentum the Bohr model predicted the quantization of electronic energy, radius, velocity and magnetic moment of atoms ... 

NMR arose from theoretical work first published by the physieist 1.1. Rabi in 1937. It was applied by Rabi in measurements of the magnetic moment of atomic nuclei. The method was later applied by physieists Louis Alvarez and Felix Bloeh in 1940 to measure the magnetic moment of the neutron. Later it was used to measure atomie and moleeular structure. Currently NMR has wide applieation in imaging of internal organs for medieal diagnosis. 

Alternatively, an approach closer to traditional crystallography can be considered in some cases. The Fourier component k of the magnetic moment of atom j, which transforms to the atom js when the symmetry operator of Gk is applied (xy, = = S x i + L), is transformed as ... 

Spin-spin coupling. The interaction between the magnetic moments of atomic nuclei within a molecule gives rise to the splitting of otherwise singlet NMR resonance lines into multiplets. 

Tke assertions of the theory about the magnitude of the magnetic moments of atoms can be tested by determining the magnetic susceptibility jDf the substances in question (Weiss, about 1910). However, this only gives a value averaged over all those directions, and all those values of magnetic moments, which occur a direct test of the theory cannot therefore be immediately obtained by this method. 

The magnetic moments of atoms, ions, and molecules are usually expres-... 

Antiferromagnetism - A type of magnetism in which the magnetic moments of atoms in a solid are ordered into two anti-paraUel aligned sublattices. Antiferromagnets are characterized by a zero or small positive magnetic susceptibility. The... 

The magnetic moments of atoms near the surface plane, (n = 1 for the surface), differ from those for the hulk, pb. The total incremental moment at the surface is defined as... 

W. Klemm Magnetic moments of atoms and atom ions Landolt-Bbrnstein-Tables, 6. Ed., Vol. I, part 1, table 1325. 

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