Magnetite other names

Magnetite anodes exhibit a relatively low consumption rate when compared with other anode materials, namely graphite, silicon iron and lead and can be used in seawater, fresh water and soils. This low consumption rate enables a light-weight anode construction to be utilised. For example, the anode described by Linder is 800 mm in length 60 mm in diameter, 10 mm wall thickness and 6 kg in weight. 

Structural relationships exist between certain planes in the hematite structure and those in other iron oxides, namely magnetite and goethite (Tab. 2.6). There is, for example, a relationship between the (111) plane of magnetite and (001) plane of hema-... 

Iron (III) oxide exists in mineral form as hematite. It is 70% iron and is the primary source of iron ore in the world. About 90% of the iron mined in the United States is hematite. World production of this ore is more than 1 billion tons. Magnetite and taconite are two other primary iron oxide minerals used as iron ore. The name hematite comes from the blood-red color of powdered hematite. The Greek word hematite means blood-like. Some ancients held the belief that hematite was formed in areas where batdes were fought and blood was spilled into the earth. Large deposits of hematite have been identified on Mars. 

The promoted iron catalyst to accelerate this reaction was discovered by Bosch, Mittasch, and coworkers, in 1909. Consequently, the industrial process for the production of ammonia is named the Haber-Bosch process. In this process, ammonia is formed by the reaction between N2 and H2 using a Fe304 (magnetite) catalyst promoted with A1203, CaO, K20, and other oxides. 

Soapstone or steatite is a hydrous magnesium silicate material which is composed essentially of the mineral talc, with varying quantities of carbonate minerals, chlorite, amphibole magnetite, and various other minerals (J). Steatite is very soft, easily cut, and has a somewhat greasy or soapy feel from which it derives its common name. 

The method of soluble anode has also been used to produce nanoparticles [369-371, 378]. Based on the Ritz method [379], authors [371] obtained the magnetite nanoparticles of 8.3 nm in size of the soluble iron electrode. The aqueous solution of dimethylformamide (DMF) and cationic surfactants has been chosen as electrolyte. The particle size was under control by variation of the current density in the system. The as-prepared nanoparticles gave a diffuse X-ray diffraction peak similar to that from the amorphous phase. Using Raman spectroscopy, it was found that the obtained phase was magnetite. The same technique has been used for other oxide phases fabrication, namely the method called electrochemical deposition under... 

Some more recent attempts were made to construct deformation mechanism maps for the three oxides, namely wustite, magnetite and hematite [118-120]. Deformation mechanism maps were introduced by Ashby and Frost [121] as a tool to identify the predominant deformation mechanisms and the rates of deformation (strain rates) imder certain stress and temperature conditions for solid metals and ceramics. However, the maps constructed for iron oxides were primarily based on theoretical calculation because experimental data available were very limited and estimation was based on data from other oxide systems. 

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