Magnetic resonance imaging implants

No abnormalities were noted in any of the computer-assisted tomography scans or magnetic resonance images, nor in the blood chemistry or hematology evaluations. No systemic effects of the implants were noted on histological examination of any of the tissues exaoiined. No unexpected or untoward reactions to the treatments were observed. 

Several noninvasive methods have been proposed to study the tissue conditions around implants, including high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approaches.4,23,24 However, at present, MRI does not have adequate resolution for detailed imaging of the microvasculature, collagen, and protein deposits adjacent to a... 

Stenken J, Reichert W, Klitzman B. Magnetic resonance imaging of a tissue implanted device biointerface using in vivo microdialysis sampling. Analytical Chemistry 2002, 74, 4849 1854. 

In vivo magnetic resonance imaging and relaxometry of a porous hydrogel implanted in the trapezius muscle of rabbits was studied. 

MRI, magnetic resonance imaging RV, right ventricle ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator CIED, cardiovascular... 

SVC, superior vena cava MRI, magnetic resonance imaging CIED, cardiovascular implantable electronic device... 

Nazarian S, Roguin A, Zviman MM, et al. Clinical utility and safety of a protocol for noncardiac and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of patients with permanent pacemakers and implantable-cardioverter defibrillators at 1.5 Tesia. Circulation 2006 114 1277-1284. 

Gimbel JR, Kanal E, Schwartz MK, Wilkoff BL. Outcome of magnetic resonance imaging in selected patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2005 28 270-273. 

Of available imaging techniques. Magnet resonance imaging (MRI) is the best for delineating soft tissue structures, and is often the preferred imaging method for the head, neck, brain, spine, and musculoskeletal system. Historically, the presence of pacemakers and ICDs have been absolute contraindications for MRI. With the growing importance of MRI it has been estimated that there will be a 50-75% probability that over the lifetime of the patient s implanted device there will be an indication for an MRI (32-36). With more widespread use of implanted cardiac devices, there has been intense pressure on clinicians to develop protocols that provide safe use of MRI in these patients. 

Holmes DR Jr, Hayes DL, Gray JE, Merideth J. The effects of magnetic resonance imaging on implantable pulse generators. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1986 9 360-370. 

Hayes DL, Holmes DR Jr, Gray JE. Effect of 1,5 Tesla nuclear magnetic resonance imaging scanner on implanted permanent pacemakers. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987 10 782-786. 

Subcutaneous implantable devices are composed of a reservoir component made of stainless steel, titanium, or plastic connected to a polyurethane or silicone catheter (Fig. 6.3). The reservoirs are implanted into the subcutaneous tissues in the chest wall, upper arm, or forearm (Jaques et al. 1992 Foley 1995 Kaufman et al. 1996). The stainless steel ports produce significant artifacts on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRl), and are not often used in the chest wall location. Titanium ports cause only local MRI degradation and plastic ports result in minimal CT... 

Faris OP, Shein M (2006) Food and drug administration perspective magnetic resonance imaging of pacemaker and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patients. Circulation 114(12) 1232-1233. doi 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA. 106.647800... 

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