Magnetic field, static, atoms

In analogy to the field-free problem, the "Stark CCR" and the "Floquet CCR" methods have serious limitations with respect to the MEP. The way out was proposed in the late 1980s, when ideas and the general methodology of the SSA for the field-free resonances that solves state-specific CESEs were adapted so as to achieve the nonperturbative solution of problems of interaction of strong dc-and ac- electric fields and static magnetic fields with atomic (molecular) ground or excited states in terms of non-Hermifian formulafions, e.g.. Refs. [103,179-190]. 

Zeeman effect spect A splitting of spectral lines in the radiation emitted by atoms or molecules In a static magnetic field. za man i.fekt)... 

The NMR phenomenon is based on the magnetic properties of nuclei and their interactions with applied magnetic fields either from static fields or alfemaling RF fields. Quanfum mechanically subatomic particles (protons and neutrons) have spin. In some nuclei these spins are paired and cancel each other out so that the nucleus of the atom has no overall spin that is, when the number of protons and neutrons is equal. However, in many cases the sum of the number of protons and neutrons is an odd number, giving rise to... 

The Mbssbauer effect involves resonant absorption of y-radiation by nuclei in solid iron oxides. Transitions between the I = Y2 the I = 72 nuclear energy levels induce resonant absorption (Fig. 7.4). A Mbssbauer spectrum is a plot of the transmission of the rays versus the velocity of their source movement of the source ( Co for iron compounds) ensures that the nuclear environments of the absorber and the source will match at certain velocities (i.e. energies) and hence absorption takes place. In the absence of a magnetite field the Mbssbauer spectrum consists of one (if the absorbing atoms are at a site of cubic symmetry) or two (symmetry distorted from cubic) absorption maxima. When a static magnetic field acts on the resonant nuclei, this splits the nuclear spin of the ground state into two and those of the ex-... 

A complex dynamical behavior was experimentally and numerically found in a system of spin- atoms in an optical resonator with near-resonant cw laser light and external static magnetic field [69]. Three-dimensional Bloch equations were solved, and a chaotic motions was found and compared with experiment. 

NMR spectroscopy is essentially based on energy absorption by atomic nuclei with active spin (nonzero value of quantum number spin I) in the presence of a static magnetic field. This energy absorption is... 

Fig. 7.18. Derived momentum distributions for the perturbed m = 0 state of ortho-positronium, for various gases (Nagashima et al., 1995) in an applied static magnetic field of 0.29 T. Reprinted from Physical Review A52, Nagashima et al., Thermalization of free positronium atoms by collisions with silica-powder grains, aerogel grains and gas molecules, 258-265, copyright 1995 by the American Physical Society.

Fig. 4.4. (a) Excitation-ionization spectrum of the H atom Balmer series around the ionization limit in a static homogenous magnetic field, (b) Fourier-transformed time domain spectrum of the spectrum shown in (a). The square of the absolute value is plotted. The time scale is given in units of the cyclotron period Tc = 2 k/u c. Reprinted from Main, Holle, Wiebusch, and Welge (1987). 

Direct RDCs in biomolecules between protons over a distance of up to 8 A have been measured,1011 allowing in principle an extension of atoms to be correlated. But even more important is that the nature of RDCs allows the extraction of angular information relative to the static magnetic field as an external reference, making it now generally possible to correlate distant parts of a molecule with NMR spectroscopy. 

The /i+ moderation processes involve dominantly electro static interaction and there is no muon depolarization in strong axial magnetic fields (B 0.16 T) [10]. At low fields the tof = 0 atomic states are populated to 50 % which means a corresponding reduction of the polarization due to the muon spin oscillation at the hyperfine frequency Avhfs-... 

NMR spectra of nuclei such as 57Fe (spin V2) in magnetic materials can be measured without external magnetic field. Also in the case of nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) no static magnetic field is necessary. For this reason NQR is sometimes called "zero field NMR". It is used to detect atoms whose nuclei have a nuclear quadrupole moment, such as 14N and 35C1. 

Having considered the general expressions for first- and second-order molecular properties, we now restrict ourselves to properties associated with the application of static uniform external electric and magnetic fields. For such perturbations, the Hamiltonian operator may be written in the manner (in atomic units)... 

---