Madder lake

Krapp-farbe, /. madder color, madder dye. -filrbcn, n. madder dyeing, -farbstoff, -farbc-atoff, m. alizarin, -gelb, n. madder yellow, xanthin. -lack, m. madder lake. -rot n. madder red, alizarin, -stoff, m. alizarin, -wurzel, /. madder root. 

Madder lake, lac dye, cochineal Alizarin, purpurin, ruberythric acid, lucidin, laccaic acid A, carminic acid hci/h2o, n amyl alcohol, MeOH H20/MeOH with AcOH 250, 280 nm/ ESI( ) HPLC optimization... 

Figure 13.3 Electropherogram (total ion current) of the madder lake extract and ESI mass spectra taken at the apex of the peaks. Identified colourants alizarin, m/z 239 purpurin, m/z 255. Reproduced from M. Puchalska, M. Orlihska, M.A. Ackacha, K. Pofec Pawlak and M. Jarosz. J. Mass Spectrom., 38, 1252 1258 (2003). By permission of John Wiley ...

J. Sanyova and J. Reisse, Development of a mild method for the extraction of anthraquinones from their aluminum complexes in madder lakes prior to HPLC analysis, J. Cult. Herit., 7,... 

The first group includes 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone, commonly known as alizarin, 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone (quinizarin), and 1,2,4-trihydroxyan-thraquinone (purpurin). Alizarin in particular has been known and appreciated for thousands of years in the form of its lake , i.e., the coordination complex of 1,2-hydroxyanthraquinone 88 with aluminum and calcium (Madder Lake, Turkey Red). 

In the 16th century, the process for the preparation of madder lake reached France. In 1868, 50,000 tonnes of madder roots with a dye content of 1 % were harvested. 

Alizarin red n. Pigment Red 83 (58000). Light maroon pigment produced by treating alizarin with calcium and aluminum salts in the presence of alumina. It is identical with madder lake. Syn alizarin madder lake, alizarin red B, and dihydroxy anthraquinone lake. 

Madder lake n. Lightfast, non-bleeding, red-colored pigment prepared from the coloring matter of madder root. 

Madder lakes n. A class of solvent-resistant and lightfast pigments generally dirty in appearance. 

Rubine n. Pertaining to blue shade red, probably derived from the Latin word rubia for the madder plant from which madder lake (Alizarin Red), a blue shade red, was originally made. The name of the bluish red colored gem, the ruby, would appear to be similarly derived. 

Main ingredient for the manufacture of the madder lake pigments known to painters as rose madder and alizarin crimson. Used as a staining agent in biological research stains free calcium and certain calcium compoimds. Also used commercially as ared textile dye and, notably, is still the colour for French military cloth. Derivatives are commonly used as indicators of specific free ions and as pH indicators. 

Alizarin is used as a dye mostly for textile purposes, but also for food colouring. Purpurin is normally not coloured, but is red when dissolved in alkaline solutions. Mixed with clay and treated with alum and ammonia, it gives a brilliant red colorant madder lake (9-159). 

Alizarin Purpurin Violet madder lake Heaton (1928) 379 Mayer (1991) 36... 

According to Field (1835), this is a gently calcined madder lake (q.v.). Heaton (1928) also lists the term a century later as a current synonym for a brown lake prepared from madder root. 

Listed by Salter (1869) it is, unsurprisingly, obtained by carefully charring madder carmine imtil it becomes of the hue required . Salter also considered it ejqtensive and therefore commercially unknown. Field (1835) mentions madder brown, synonymous with Field s russet which may have been a gently calcined madder lake (qq.v.). 

According to Salter (1869) this is an alternate name for madder carmine, a term which he defines as the richest and deepest form of madder lake (qq.v). 

A madder lake manufactured by the nineteenth century English colourman Field and described by him as purple leading to marrone (Field, 1835). Also called purple madder. 

Intense brown (or intense madder brown) is a synonym for brown madder, a calcined form of madder lake (Field, 1835). 

According to Field (1835), a concentrated tincture of madder of the most beautiful and perfect rose colour and transparency was available, supplied under the names liquid rubiate and liquid madder lake Salter (1869) adds the term rose rubiate. It seems to have been suitable for a wide variety of applications from watercolour through oil painting to fabric printing and map washing. 

The historical terminology associated with madder and madder production has been reviewed extensively by Schweppe and Winter, including a discussion not only of die dyestuff, but also specific local names for plants and commercial production names such as Alsatian madder, Avignon madder and Dutch madder. The German term for madder is Krapp and Krapplak refers to madder lake. 

According to Field (1835), this is a gently calcined madder lake. See Field s russet. 

A term used by Field (1835) and in Salter s (1869) edition of Field s Chromatography to denote the most intense category of madder lake, it also being called Field s carmine. Field adds that It differs from the rose lakes of madder principally in texture, and... 

Madder treated by soaking and saturation with sulfuric acid and heat produces the pigment known as Kopp s purpurin (Kopp, 1864 cf. Schweppe and Winter, 1997). Purpurin or the madder preparation Kopp s purpurin is the colourant for purpurin madder lake. 

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