Madagascar malaria

Table I. Traditional medicinal plants (leaf and bark) preparations and doses nsed against malaria in Madagascar.

Three Hemandia species, namely, H. moerenhoutiana, H. nymphaeifolia (a synonym of H. peltata according to Kubitzki [2]), and H. voyronii, have been used ethnobotanically by inhabitants of Tonga and Madagascar to treat malaria [11,12], postpartum hemorrhage [13], retained placenta [13], and morning sickness [14],... 

HDAC inhibitors are potentially useful for the treatment of infectious diseases. This is most well documented with the malaria parasite. Merck and GlaxoSmithKline have reported [17] a series of inhibitors based on the apicidin cyclic tetrapeptide natural product scaffold with some selectivity for Plasmodium over human HDACs. In the antiviral field, HDAC inhibitors were recently shown [18] to drive the expression of latent reservoirs of HIV, thus facilitating their eradication. Outside the human therapeutic areas, there is an interesting recent patent [19] by Dow who has independently isolated FK228, a HDAC inhibitor, from a Madagascar plant and shown that it is an antiinsecticidal agent. 

Densiflorae S. madagasca-riensis Poiret (Eastern and Southern Africa, Madagascar) Infusion (LV, ST) for malaria Tea (ST) for veneral diseases South African origin. LV 16fS>-E-isositsirikine. 9-methoxy-16(S)-E-isositsirikine, 9-methoxy-16(R)-E-isositsirikine, Normacusine B, 16(R)-E-isosilsirikine. SB, SR 16(S)-E-isositsirikine, 9-methoxy-16(S)-E-isositsirikine, 9-methoxy-16(R)-E-isositsirikine, Normacusine B, 16(R)-E-isositsirikine [31]. 

TABLE 2. In vitro antiplasmodial activity of crude tertiary alkaloids from 6 Strychnos species of Madagascar traditionally used to treat malaria. 

Rasoanaivo, P. etal 1992. Medicinal plants used to treat malaria in Madagascar /( Kr-nal ofEtbnopharmacology 37(2) 117—127. 

---