Macromolecules transport

Zewert T, Pliquett U, Vanbever R, Langer R, Weaver J. Creation of transdermal pathways for macromolecule transport by skin electroporation and a low toxicity, pathway-enlarging molecule. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 1999 49 11-20. 

Thompson EM, Evans D J. Association of mesangial IgM with IgM deposits in the macula densa an indication of non-specific macromolecule transport rather than immune reactant Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001 16(9) 1910-3. 

Endothelial macromolecule transport is a very complex process, which is governed by at least three sets of factors plasma driving forces, physicochemical properties of the permeant molecules, and properties and metabolic activities of the endothelial cells [19,20]. By the active participation of the endothelium, the... 

General Concepts. The capillary endothelium is the major site of exchange for nutrients, hormones, and proteins between blood and tissues. When the solute is a macromolecule, transport occurs through pores in the endothelium. Capillaries in the general circulation are highly permeable to water and glucose, and nearly impermeable to proteins larger than albumin (Table 5.8). Capillary permeability is qualitatively different from cell... 

Moments of / result in an average displacement field. This approach has largely been supplanted by non-averaging techniques because of molecular individualism [3]. In other words, instead of calculating average displacements, the behavior of individual molecules is of more interest in modem macromolecule transport. 

Ichimura, S., Tsuru, T., Nakao, S., and Kimura, S. (2000). Analysis of linear macromolecule transport through aluminum anodic oxide membranes by pore model. J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 33 ... 

Further study should focus on the determination of important parameters including the effective diffusivities of interested molecules in the scaffold, metabolic activities of different cells under different conditions, and matrix turnover measurements. For the model itself, the simulation of macromolecules transport needs to be address as most growth factors are proteins, including protein transport through membranes and diffusion within the scaffold. The electrostatic interaction is expected to be important as demonstrated in... 

Gusev A A and Suter U W 1995 Relationship between helium transport and molecular motions in a glassy polycarbonate Macromolecules 28 2582- 4... 

Intraparticle convection can also occur in packed beds when the adsorbent particles have very large and well-connected pores. Although, in general, bulk flow through the pores of the adsorbent particles is only a small frac tion of the total flow, intraparticle convection can affec t the transport of veiy slowly diffusing species such as macromolecules. The driving force for convec tion, in this case, is the... 

Energy for maintenance is the energy required for survival, or non-growth related purposes. It includes activities such as active transport across membranes and turnover (replacement synthesis) of macromolecules. 

The main transport form of lipids in the cir culation. They are spherical macromolecules of 10-1200 nm diameter-composed of a core of neutral lipids (mostly cholesterol ester and triglycerides) surrounded by an amphipathic shell of polar phospholipids and cholesterol. Embedded in the shell of lipoproteins are apolipoproteins that are essential for assembly of theparticles in tissues that secrete lipoproteins, and for their recognition by target cells. 

Lipoproteins Macromolecules that are associations of lipids with proteins. Involved in the transport of both lipids and lipophilic xenobiotics in the blood. 

In the analysis of transport of macromolecules in hydrophilic nanometer-scale media there are four fundamental questions that may be considered. These include ... 

The overall objective of this chapter is to review the fundamental issues involved in the transport of macromolecules in hydrophilic media made of synthetic or naturally occurring uncharged polymers with nanometer-scale pore structure when an electric field is applied. The physical and chemical properties and structural features of hydrophilic polymeric materials will be considered first. Although the emphasis will be on classical polymeric gels, discussion of polymeric solutions and nonclassical gels made of, for example, un-cross-linked macromolecular units such as linear polymers and micelles will also be considered in light of recent interest in these materials for a number of applications... 

There are other, nonhydrogel, new materials for chromatographic and electrophoretic separations [7,8,103,164,199,214,377,407], Eor example, Volkmuth and Austin [407] proposed electrophoretic studies in microlithographic arrays of posts and channels etched into sihcon wafers. This material may be useful for studying fundamental transport characteristics of macromolecules in defined media, and many recent studies have been conducted to develop chromatography and electrophoresis on silicon wafers with micron-scale channels... 

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