Machine energy consumption

Figure 1. Comparison of plastic infection molding machine energy consumption,...

Research associated with the machine level has been concentrated in two subcategories the energy consumption of the machine for the work done processes and the energy requirement of the machine for auxiliary processes (e.g., cooling and control). 

Devoldere, T., Dewulf, W., Deprez, W., Willems, B., and Duflou, J.R., 2007. Improvement potential for energy consumption in discrete part production machines, Proceedings of the 14th CIRP Conference on Life Cycle Engineering, June 11-13, 2007, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 311-316. 

As a consequence of recent technical developments as well as legal and policy requirements, overall energy consumption for domestic appliances in Europe is expected to fall gradually. The total energy consumption of washing machines, dryers and dishwashers is estimated to be around 60 TWh in Europe, equivalent... 

In 1995 the energy consumption of average European machines was expected to drop over the coming years... 

Energy Consumption of Washing Machines, Dryers and Dish Washers in Europe, Final Report, European Energy Network, 1955. 

From an economic point of view, a machine, like the one which is currently used, would never be sold on a free market, where a client compares prices of cleaning equipments of different manufacturers. Very important and high-performing - and therefore expensive - components have been incorporated for reasons of reduced emission and energy consumption. By these means environmental standards are exceeded, a fact which is not rewarded in free market competition. 

The reduction of friction by lubricants was a prerequisite for the industrial revolution. Lubrication helps to reduce energy consumption and increase the lifetime of machines by minimizing wear. Without lubricants, almost no machine made of metal would work. It is not surprising that the phenomenon of friction and lubrication was of interest since ancient times. We know that the Egyptians wetted the sand on which they transported their stones, to reduce friction [493],... 

If all injection molding machines were 100 percent efficient, the energy required to make a part would be constant regardless cf the machine used. No machine Is 100 percent efficient however, some systems are more efficient than others. Figure 1 shows a comparison of energy consumption for various injection molding machines as reported by Reed Prentice Company (2). The calculations are based on 20 working days, 24 hours per day, 1 Kw/hp/hour... 

Several other methods involving cooling towers have been used to reduce refrigeration energy consumption. These systems, as applied to centrifugal and absorption refrigeration machines, are known as... 

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