Lysosome-related organelles

McGuinness L, Bardo SJ, Emptage NJ. 2007. The lysosome or lysosome-related organelle may serve as a Ca2+ store in the boutons of hippocampal pyramidal cells. Neuropharmacology 52 126-135... 

Moriyama K, Bonifacino JS. 2002. Pallidin is a component of a multi-protein complex involved in the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles. Traffic 3 666-677. 

Morris DW, Murphy K, Kenny N, Purcell SM, McGhee KA, et al. 2008. Dysbindin (DTNBP1) and the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 (BLOC-1) Main and epistatic gene effects are potential contributors to schizophrenia susceptibility. Biol Psychiatr 63 24-31. 

Nazarian R, Falcon-Perez JM, Dell Angelica EC. 2003. Biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 3 (BLOC-3) A complex containing the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) proteins HPS1 and HPS4. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 8770-8775. 

Nazarian R, Starcevic M, Spencer MJ, Dell Angelica EC. 2006. Reinvestigation of the dysbindin subunit of BLOC-1 (biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1) as a dys-trobrevin-binding protein. Biochem J 395 587-598. 

Raposo G, Marks MS. 2002. The dark side of lysosome-related organelles Specialization of the endocytic pathway for me-lanosome biogenesis. Traffic 3 237-248. 

Raposo G, Marks MS, Cutler DF. 2007. Lysosome-related organelles Driving post-Golgi compartments into specialization. Curr Opin Cell Biol 19 394-401. 

Setty SRG, Tenza D, Truschel ST, Chou E, Sviderskaya EV, et al. 2007. BLOC-1 is required for cargo-specific sorting from vacuolar early endosomes toward lysosome-related organelles. Mol Biol Cell 18 768-780. 

APS adaptor protein, or BLOC-1-3 (biogenesis of lysosome-related organelle complex), or HOPS (homotypic vacuolar protein sorting or VPS class C complex). Endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) including CHMP2B... 

Shiflett SL, Kaplan J, Ward DM. Chediak-Higashi Syndrome a rare disorder of lyso-somes and lysosome related organelles. Pigment Cell Res 2002 15 251-257. 

Churchill GC Okada Y, Thomas JM et al. NAADP mobilizes Ca(2+) from reserve granules, lysosome-related organelles, in sea urchin Cell 2002 111 703-708. 

Hu, Z.Z., Valencia, J.C., Huang, H. et al.. Comparative bioinformatics analyses and profiling of lysosome-related organelle proteomes. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. (2006), in press. 

Dell Angelica EC. 2004. The building BLOC(k)s of lysosomes and related organelles. Curr Opin Cell Biol 16 458-464. 

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and related fluorescent proteins can be used to label practically any protein or subcellular compartment of living cells (49). Transfection of cells with plasmids that encode appropriately targeted fluorescent fusion proteins has been used to define the plasma membrane, early endosomes, late endosomes, caveolae, the golgi complex, the ER, and other subcellular locations. Several fluorescent small molecules are also available for labehng specific cellular organelles, including endosomes and lysosomes, for analysis by fluorescence microscopy. 

In later TEM studies by Ghadially et al. (48), a lower concentration of cisplatin (30 (xM) was incubated in HeLa and human lymphoblastoid (RPMI 6410) cells for periods that ranged from 1 hour to 4 days. No intracellular platinum was detected in either cell line. However, similar incubations with platinum(II)-uracil resulted in development of lysosome-like bodies in the cytosol, which are referred to as platinosomes, that contain electron dense species identified by X-ray analysis as platinum (48). In a related study, similar concentrations of cisplatin were injected into rabbit knee joints and incubated for several days. Again, no platinum was detected in the intracellular or extracellular compartments of the synovial cells, whereas platinum was observed to accumulate only in the platinosomes after platinum-uracil incubation (49). This set of studies highlights the effect of incubation concentrations of the drug on the cellular distribution results, as well as, drawing attention to the uptake of some platinum(II) complexes in cytoplasmic organelles. 

The Golgi apparatus and lysosomes are important intracellular organelles that relate to the molecules of Combo Circle. Ihe Golgi apparatus is important in the modification of proteins during their synthesis and in the construction and packaging of complex macromolecules. Lysosomes are important in the degradation of complex macromolecules. 

Kinesins can be divided into two broad functional groups— cytosolic and mitotic kinesins—on the basis of the nature of the cargo that they transport (Table 20-2). The functional differences between kinesins are related to their unique tall domains, which determine their cargoes. Cytosolic kinesins take part in vesicle and organelle transport they Include the classic axonal kinesin I, which has been shown to transport lysosomes and other organelles. Some cytosolic kinesins, however, transport one specific cargo. For example, KIFIB and its close relative KIFIA transport mitochondria and synaptic vesicles, respectively, to nerve terminals. Other cyrt osollc kinesins mediate the transport of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane and the radial movement of ER... 

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