Lyophilization carriers

In n-hexane, water saturated, at 2°C in units mg either with lyophilized preparations (powders) containing roughly 10% protein or with lyophilized carrier-fixed preparations (roughly 1 % protein by weight) [120],... 

Either dialyze against double distilled water for 12 h and lyophilize the coupled carrier. Assess yield by weighing the lyophilized material to determine the percentage of peptide coupled. 

Another approach is to use kit formulations also for this kind of product. Therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals have been developed where the carrier molecule is formulated in a lyophilized kit and supplied together with the radionuclide. An example of this is the MAb ibritumomab tiuxetan formulated for labeling with the P-emitting radionuclide 90Y. Yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) is used in the treatment of non-Hodgkin s lymphoma (NHL). 

If manual transfer is unavoidable, location of the lyophilizer relatively close to the filling line enables protected transfer to be accomplished rather easily. Remote locations may require transfer of product in carts capable of providing ISO 5 quality air. These carts will generally require battery power in order to run the necessary air blowers and control systems. Alternatively, product trays could be placed in airtight carriers this activity and the sealing of the carriers would have to be accomplished under ISO 5 conditions. Locating the lyophilizer in the fill room may restrict the ability to unload the dryer while the filling line is in use, particularly if the lyophilizer is loaded and unloaded manually, which would increase the clean room personnel load and potentially increase contamination risk. 

In lyophilized preparations, mannitol (20-90% w/w) has been included as a carrier to produce a stiff, homogeneous cake that improves the appearance of the lyophilized plug in a vial. A pyrogen-free form is available specifically for this use. 

Yttrium-90, l-ii and In in carrier-free form were purchased from Perkin-Elmer Life Sciences (Belgium), and DOTATATE (2 mg/mL of lyophilized form) was supplied by the IAEA. 

Liver Lyophilize sample irradiate the sample digest with HN03, HCI04, and the carrier source distill sample, and use distillate for analysis Radiochemical NAA 2.2x1 O 10 g/g No data Lievens et al. 1977... 

Lipases are available and applied as lyophilized powders, in covalently and non-covalently immobilized form on inorganic or organic carriers, in sol-gel material 120 121 and as CLECs S4e 122l Most mammalian lipases exhibit pH optima ranging from 8 to 9 and most microbial lipases from 5.6 to 8.5. The temperature range for optimal activity is between 30 and 50 °C. In the case of labile substrates or insufficient enantiomer selectivity, hydrolysis may be carried out in water-saturated water-immiscible organic solvent such as diisopropyl ether, hexane or cyclohexane. 

Commonly, lipids like glycerides (mono-, di-, or tri-), waxes (e.g., camauba wax, beeswax, cetyl alcohol, emulsilying wax, cholesterol, cholesterol butyrate, etc.), and vegetable oils are nsed as carriers to dissolve/disperse the drug molecules. The surfactants (e.g., polysorbates, sodium dodecyl sulfate, castor oil, bile salts, etc.) and cosurfactants (e.g., alcohols, polyethylene glycol, cranophor, poloxamer, etc.) are used to emulsify the molten lipid mixture in aqneons media The SLNs can then be lyophilized with excipients to obtain the dried powder. The list of excipients and formnlations of the marketed products is found in Mehnert and Mader and Pardeike et... 

---