Lymphomas mortality rate

The Indianapolis-Ibadan Dementia Project also demonstrated the reverse side of the coin, and this too was passed off with little comment the mortality rate in the African cohort was nearly double that of the American cohort, despite their better cardiovascular health. What they died of is not stated. I imagine many must have died from infections or cancers. Studies in Tanzania, where malaria is also endemic, showed that the death rate fell substantially in regions where malaria had been controlled by draining swamps. The scale of this effect was larger than could be attributed directly to malaria, and prompted research into the hidden morbidity of malaria. This research has confirmed the suspicions immuno-suppression in areas where malaria is endemic perpetuates opportunistic infections, leading to the spread of diseases such as tuberculosis. In addition, cancers such as Burkitt s lymphoma (a malignant cancer of B cells) are common and linked with malarial immunosuppression, probably... 

Their overall prognoses are less favorable than for the general population with the overall mortality rate for lymphoma in renal transplant recipients exceeding 50%, and the usual anti-neoplastic agents are less effective than in non-transplanted individuals. 

High-dose chemotherapy followed by HSCT is an option for relapsed follicular lymphoma. The recurrence rate is lower after allogeneic than after autologous HSCT, but the benefit is offset by increased treatment-related mortality. The ideal candidate is young and does not have serious comorbidities. 

Two epidemiological studies of workers exposed to ethylene oxide revealed increased rates of leukemia. In one smdy, two cases of leukemia (0.14 expected) and three stomach cancers (0.4 expected) were observed. The other study found three cases of leukemia (0.2 expected). Because these workers had exposures to other potential carcinogens, the findings cannot be linked with certainty to ethylene oxide. The small cohort size, the small number of deaths, and uncertainties about exposure level have also been noted." A number of other studies have not found an increased rate of cancer mortality from ethylene oxide exposure. A mortality study of over 18,000 ethylene oxide workers from 14 plants producing medical supplies and foodstuffs did not find an excess of leukemia or brain, stomach, or pancreatic cancers. There was, however, an increase in non-Hodgkin lymphoma in male workers. A follow-up of 1896 ethylene oxide production workers did not find an increase in mortality from leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, or brain, pancreatic, or stomach cancers. ... 

Hematologic cancer mortality (including lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers) Swedish capacitor manufacturing male workers employed 6 months versus Swedish national rates 142 1965-1982 1965-1978 (mean exposure 6.5 yrs) Observed versus expected 1 observed case The report identified one case of malignant lymphoma, expected number of cases was not reported, but the numbers of deaths from cancers was reported to correspond well with those expected. Median latency time=13 years. Gustavsson et al. 1986... 

In fact, it seems unlikely that phenoxy herbicides are the explanation for increased lymphoma rates among farmers reported in several studies. For example, phenoxy herbicides are not associated with NHL in New Zealand, where there is an excess NHL mortality among farmers, while the major evidence for an association with phenoxy herbicides comes from Sweden where there is no overall excess of NHL mortality in agricultural workers. 

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