Lutetium intensities

Rare-earth bisphthalocyaninates, especially LuPc2, are one of the important objects of intense investigation because of their electrochemical (electrochromic effect), electrical, and optical properties. The ball-type four t-butyl-calix[4]arene bridged double decker lutetium(III) and indium(III) Pcs have also been prepared, Fig. 3 [42],... 

The reaction is conducted at ambient temperature. Slow addition of the tetraene (over a IS-min period) immediately produces the intense deep brown color of the cyclooctatetraene dianion. The reaction mixture is stirred overnight or until all of the potassium metal has been consumed. The solution is then slowly added to a magnetically stirred slurry of 2.625 g (9.33 mmol) anhydrous LuClj in 30mL of THF contained in a 125-mL Erlenmeyer flask. Upon addition, the deep brown color of the potassium salt is immediately quenched by reaction with the lutetium trichloride. After addition is complete (ISmin), the resultant light ginger ale-colored slurry is stirred for 24h to ensure complete reaction. 

G. Kostenich, A. Orenstein, L. Roitman, Z. Malik, B. Ehrenberg (1997). In vivo photodynamic therapy with the new near-IR absorbing water soluble photosensitizer lutetium texaphyrin and a high intensity pulsed light delivery system. J. Photochem. PhotobioL B, 39, 36-42. 

XRD analysis of Lu20j Eu powders calcinated at different temperatures for 2 hours are presented in Fig. 3. According to the XRD data, the precursor and products of its calcination at T<550 °C were amorphous. The formation of cubic lutetium oxide starts at T=550 °C. Temperature increase from 550 to 1000 °C leads to decrease of half-width of diffraction peaks and to increase of their intensity. This testifies an improvement of Lu203 Eu crystallinity. The average crystallite size estimated by Scherrer s equation also increases from 10.5 to 30.5 A (fig. 4). All the diffraction peaks on the XRD patterns were attributed to cubic Lu20j Eu. ... 

Rodriguez Mendez and coworkers did a series of researches in the development of new sensors able to detect the odors and aromas [32,58,75-78], They first used lutetium bisphthalocyanine (LuPc ) LB and evaporated films for the detection of the aroma of olive oil or wine (hexanol, hexanal, -buthyl acetate, and acetic acid) based on the changes in their conductivity [76], The kinetics and the intensity of the response of the films depend not only on the morphology and the thickness of the films but also on the nature of the reactant gas. They detected acetic acid down to 88 mmol/L, based on the refractive index changes in combination with an optical fiber... 

Lutetium is the last element in the lanthanide series. It has a completely filled 4f shell. As such, it has been the subject of intense study. In lanthanides, participation of 4f electrons in bonding is suggested and generally accepted as a... 

Band in the absorption spectrum of phthalocyanine lutetium form a thin layer is characterized by X, = 662 nm. This indicates that the sandwich complex is in neutral form. After treatment of the film an alcoholic solution happens recovery process. What does the reduction of the band intensity X = 662 nm, an increase in absorption X. = 618 nm and the appearance of the shoulder X = 708 nm. That the shape and position of the spectrum corresponds to phtlialocyanine blue forms. 

The absorption spectra of the lanthanide ions are quite characteristic of the individual lanthanides. Scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, and lutetium do not absorb in the spectral region from 200-1000 nm. The remaining lanthanides all absorb in this region, although the molar absorptivities of even the most intense bands are less than 12 /mole cm as is shown in table 37A.1. 

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