Lurgi system

W. Wein, Flow Dynamics of Atmospheric Fluid Bed Combustion Systems and their Effect on SO Capture and NO Suppression, trans. Lurgi from UGB Magafine, Feb. 1985, pp. 119-123. 

The original hot carbonate process developed by the U.S. Bureau of Mines was found to be corrosive to carbon steel (55). Various additives have been used in order to improve the mass transfer rate as well as to inhibit corrosion. Vetrocoke, Carsol, Catacarb, Benfteld, and Lurgi processes are all activated carbonate processes. Improvements in additives and optimization of operation have made activated carbonate processes competitive with activated MDEA and nonaqueous solvent based systems. Typical energy requirements are given in Table 9. 

Continuous slurry reactors are generally either of one of two designs. One type uses a reactor loop, generally known as a Buss loop design the other is a co-current hydrogen/fatty acid/catalyst system mainly marketed by Lurgi. Continuous slurry reactors are more popular in Europe, Asia, and South America than in the United States. 

Fig. 9. Lurgi-Rhurgas flash pyrolysis system, where 1 is a lift pipe 2, primary pyrolysis reactor 3, screw feeder 4, secondary pyrolysis reactor 5 and 7,...

But, so far as the number of reactors are concerned, I indicated that we have six. That s the maximum number that we require regardless of the quality of the syngas that we process. When we took the Lurgi gas and methanated it, starting with 38% methane already there, we required only four reactors. As a matter of fact, we could have gotten by with three. So it is really a question of how much work you have to do that determines the number of reactors that you would install in the system. 

The system considered here is the Lurgi dry ash coal gasification process as used at SASOL in the Republic of South Africa and proposed for use at the Great Plains gasification project in North Dakota (2). The important steps in the process as far as... 

FIGURE 25 Medium-scale (30,000 liters/day) ethanol dehydration system by vapor permeation (Lurgi GmbH). 

Anders, R., Beisswenger, H and Plass, L. Clean and Low Cost Energy From Atmospheric and Pressurized Lurgi CFB System, in Circulating Fluidized Bed Technology III (Basu, P., Horio, M., and Hasatani, M., eds.), pp. 431-438. Pergamon Press, Oxford (1991). 

The use of solvent mixtures helps to combine the chemical and physical effects of absorption. This mainly involves the following systems methanol and ethanolamines (Lurgi Amisol processes), sulfolane and diisopropyiamine (Shdl Sulfmol process). 

The vacuum system is provided independently for each column and usually consists of a mechanical vacuum pump and a steam ejector to achieve the highest vacuum. A centrahzed vacuum system is not recommended, as a process upset in one stage can readily affect the other stages. The heat source can be a shell-and-tube heat exchanger using thermal oil. Figure 5 shows a Lurgi fractionation system that has two columns to produce three separate fractions. 

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