Lungs inflation

Egan, E. Lung inflation, lung solute permeability, and alveolar edema. J. Appl. Physiol. Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 1982, 53, 121-125. 

Lee, L.Y. and Morton, R.F. (1993). Histamine enhances vagal pulmonary C-fiber responses to capsaicin and lung inflation. Respir. Physiol. 93, 83-96. 

The principal attractions of one-dimensional EDMs are their ability to implement time dependence of the aerosol properties at the respiratory tract entrance (e.g., variations in aerosol concentration and size associated with a burst, or bolus, of inhaled particles), the ease with which simple models of axial dispersion can be incorporated, as well as their ability to include time dependence of the lung geometry associated with lung inflation during inhalation [39-41]. When any of these effects are deemed important, then one-dimensional EDMs are advantageous over the other simpler approaches we have considered thus far. 

Focusing iiutially on afferents stimulated by lung inflation in cats, Widdicombe described two mechanically sensitive afferent nerve subtypes. The majority of the afferents identified by lung inflation were slowly adapting, with adaptation indices... 

Stretch receptors responsive to whole lung inflation... 

Rapidly adapting receptors as defined by whole lung inflation correspond to the tracheal/bronchial stretch receptors described in the lower portion of the table. Many of the attributes listed (e.g., activated, not activated, low, high) are generahzed, not uniformly expressed in each subtype. See... 

Because the tracheal/bronchial RARs identified by Widdicombe were most responsive to negative luminal pressures, their inflation pressure thresholds were not evaluated. It is also unclear whether tracheal/bronchial RARs and intermediate receptors would have been activated by whole lung inflation unless very high intratracheal pressures were sustained (see later). 

Pack AI, DeLaney RG (1983) Response of pulmonary rapidly adapting receptors during lung inflation. J Appl Physiol 55(3) 955-63... 

Berg IT, Fu Z, Breen EC, Tran HC, Mathieu-Costello O, West JB. High lung inflation increases mRNA levels of ECM components and growth factors in lung parenchyma. J Appl Physiol 1997 83 120-128. 

Brown RH, Mitzner W. Effect of lung inflation and airway muscle tone on airway diameter in vivo. J Appl Physiol 1996 80 1581-1588. 

TABLE 7.1 Classification and Approximate Dimensions of Airways of Adult Human Lung (Inflated to about 3/4 of TLC) ... 

The SAR characteristic is liner at low lung volumes but may exhibit saturation nonlinearity at elevated volumes. Also, at any given lung volume SAR discharge increases with increasing rate of lung inflation [Pack et al., 1986]. To a first approximation vagal volume feedback maybe modeled by... 

Phillipson, E.A. 1974. Vagal control of breathing pattern independent of lung inflation in conscious dogs. /. Appl. Physiol. 37 183. 

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