Lung cancer pathophysiology

It was observed that people with low carotenoid intake or low blood levels have an increased risk of degenerative diseases. In a number of these diseases free radical damage plays a role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Earlier studies were focused mainly on p-carotene and the lycopene protective effect against prostate and lung cancer, but there is as yet no definitive proof for a causal relationship or for a beneficial antioxidant effect of carotenoids. 

Biology of Lung Cancer, Diagnosis and Treatment, edited by S T. Rosen, J. L Mulshine, F Cuttitta, and P. G Abrams Pulmonary Vascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, edited by E. K. Weir and J. T Reeves... 

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