Lung airways primary cell cultures

Pezzulo AA, Starner TD, Scheetz TE et al (2011) The air-liquid interface and use of primary cell cultures are important to recapitulate the transcriptional profile of in vivo airway epithelia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 300(1 ) L25-L31... 

A variety of cell culture systems for the modelling of the tracheo-bronchial epithelium are available. These include primary cultures and cell lines of human and animal origins, plus airway cells with characteristics of lung disease such as CF. The advantages and limitations of using a simple culture system compared to one that recreates to a greater extent the epithelial structure and function in vitro should be considered according to the pre-clinical application required. However, this choice is complicated by the lack of comparative data, both between the different cell systems and for in vitro-in vivo correlation, upon which to base such decisions. 

The rate of protein clearance has been estimated as 10% of the rate of fluid clearance from alveoli [173]. IgG clearance is probably mediated by FcRn transcytosis in distal type I alveolar epithelium and more proximal bronchial epithelium. Type I alveolar epithelium and bronchial epithelium contain the necessary subcellular structures for FcRn-mediated transcytosis vesicles, membrane invaginations, caveolae, and clathrin-coated pits [173,174], FcRn mRNA is expressed in lung although the cell types and locations have not yet been determined [112], Moreover, primary alveolar epithelial monolayer cell cultures express functional FcRn [173], plgA-R/SC transcytosis is thought to contribute little to distal (alveolar) airway IgG transport but might mediate more proximal (bronchial or bronchiolar) IgA transport [173], Uptake of an aerosolized IgG Fc-erythropoietin fusion molecule and subsequent erythropoietin-induced reticulocytosis has been demonstrated in human and nonhuman primates [175],... 

Joseph, T., Look, D. Ferkol, T. NF-kappaB activation and sustained IL-8 gene expression in primary cultures of cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells stimulated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 288 (2005) L471-9. 

Experiments on rat and mice models of emphysema have shown that ATRA inhibited progression of airway obstruction [89] and promoted lung regeneration after injury [67]. Retinoic acid reduced the damage induced by elastase to cultured airway epithelial cells (ceU lines and primary cultures) [90]. 

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